Fig. 1
From: Evidence-practice gap analysis in the role of tick in brucellosis transmission: a scoping review
Common routes of transmission of brucellosis. (1) Respiratory transmission: respiratory inhalation of aerosols from Brucella contamination of the environment. (2) Gastrointestinal transmission: ingestion of raw unpasteurized dairy products and undercooked meat. (3) Contact transmission: contact with body fluids of infected animals. (4) Biological transmission: bite from infected ticks and other arthropods. (5) Sexual transmission. Note: the solid lines on the diagram denote confirmed transmission routes, while the dotted lines indicate potential transmission routes