Table 3 Multivariate analysis of risk factors for pneumococcal carriage
Epidemiologic factors | OR (95% CI) | P value | aOR (95% CI) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | ||||
 Age |  |  |  |  |
  < 12 months | Reference |  |  |  |
  12–23 months | 1.2 (0.9–1.7) | 0.171 | 1.3 (0.9–1.7) | 0.167 |
  24–35 months | 1.2 (0.9–1.7) | 0.227 | 1.1 (0.8–1.5) | 0.685 |
  36–47 months | 2.5 (1.8–3.3) | < 0.001 | 1.3 (0.9–1.9) | 0.235 |
  ≥ 48 months | 2.5 (1.9–3.3) | < 0.001 | 1.0 (0.7–1.5) | 0.988 |
 Daycare attendance | ||||
  No | Reference |  |  |  |
  Yes | 2.5 (2.1–3.0) | < 0.001 | 2.3 (1.7–3.2) | < 0.001 |
 Presence of siblings | ||||
  No | Reference |  |  |  |
  Yes | 1.6 (1.3–1.9) | < 0.001 | 1.3 (1.0–1.6) | 0.024 |
Household characteristics | ||||
 Residential area | ||||
  Urban area | Reference |  |  |  |
  Rural area | 1.8 (1.5–2.2) | < 0.001 | 1.4 (1.1–1.8) | 0.003 |
Socioeconomic status | ||||
 Educational level of mother | ||||
  Elementary/Junior high school | 1.8 (1.4–2.2) | < 0.001 | 1.3 (1.0–1.8) | 0.085 |
  Senior high/Technical secondary school | 1.8 (1.4–2.3) | < 0.001 | 1.5 (1.1–2.0) | 0.007 |
  Junior college/Bachelor/Master | Reference |  |  |  |
 Educational level of father | ||||
  Elementary/Junior high school | 1.6 (1.3–1.9) | < 0.001 | 1.0 (0.7–1.4) | 0.996 |
  Senior high/Technical secondary school | 1.3 (1.0–1.7) | 0.026 | 0.9 (0.6–1.1) | 0.273 |
  Junior college/Bachelor/Master | Reference |  |  |  |
 Per capita monthly disposable income | ||||
  < 3000 CNY (415 USD) | 1.7 (1.3–2.2) |  < 0.001 | 1.3 (1.0–1.7) | 0.083 |
  3000–5999 CNY (415–831 USD) | 1.6 (1.3–2.0) | < 0.001 | 1.3 (1.0–1.6) | 0.070 |
  ≥ 6000 CNY (831 USD) | Reference |  |  |  |
Vaccination history | ||||
 PCV13 | ||||
  0 dose | Reference |  |  |  |
  1–2 doses | 0.7 (0.5–1.0) | 0.029 | 0.9 (0.6–1.4) | 0.488 |
  ≥ 3 doses | 0.4 (0.2–0.5) | < 0.001 | 0.6 (0.4–0.9) | 0.032 |