Male genitourinary schistosomiasis-related symptoms among long-term Western African migrants in Spain: a prospective population-based screening study

Table 1 Socio-demographic characteristics, laboratory results and HIV testing at enrolment of study participants, broken down by Schistosoma serology test result

		Total		Schisto + (N = 147)		Schisto– (N = 241)
Variable	N¹	n	%	n	%	n	%	P
Age distribution (years)
18–25	388	31	8.0	10	6.8	21	8.8	0.9²
26–35		71	18.4	28	19.1	43	18.0
36–45		130	33.7	51	34.7	79	33.1
46–55		100	25.9	40	27.2	60	25.1
> 55		54	14.0	18	12.2	36	15.1
Country of origin	388
Senegal		179	46.1	66	44.9	113	46.9	0.7
Gambia		91	23.5	25	17.0	66	27.4	0.02
Mali		61	15.7	30	20.4	31	12.9	0.05
Guinea–Conakry		30	7.7	14	9.5	16	6.6	0.3
Others		10	2.6	4	2.7	6	2.5	0.6
Years living in EU³	387
< 5		45	11.6	16	11.0	29	12.0	0.5²
5 to 10		34	8.8	15	10.3	19	7.9
10 to 15		53	13.7	16	11.0	37	15.4
15 to 20		124	32.0	53	36.3	71	29.5
> 20		131	33.9	46	31.5	85	35.2
Latest visit to country of origin	372
< 5 years		266	71.5	108	77.1	158	68.1	0.06
> 5 years or never		106	28.5	32	22.9	74	31.9	0.06
Swam in natural bodies of water while in country of origin	265	48	18.1	20	18.5	28	17.8	0.9
Laboratory results
Eosinophilia (> 5%)	378	106	28.0	46	31.9	60	25.6	0.2
Haematuria	377	84	22.3	35	24.3	49	21.0	0.5
Anaemia	379	85	22.4	34	23.6	51	21.7	0.7
Glomerular filtrate < 90	381	122	32.0	52	35.9	70	29.7	0.2
Creatinine > 1.2	383	54	14.1	19	13.1	35	14.7	0.7
Alanine aminotransferase > 50 U/L	382	12	3.1	3	2.1	9	3.8	0.4
Aspartate aminotransferase > 50 U/L	383	12	3.1	6	4.1	6	2.5	0.4
Alkaline phosphatase > 120 U/L	383	17	4.4	4	2.8	13	5.5	0.2
Gamma–glutamyl transferase > 55 U/L	382	54	14.1	26	17.9	28	11.8	0.1
Overall transaminase level	383	75	19.6	30	20.7	45	18.9	0.7
Other coinfections³
HIV⁴	385	7	1.8	5	3.5	2	0.8	0.07

¹Number of participants with data available; ²P-test for trend; ³European Union (EU); ⁴Human immunodeficiency virus

ISSN: 2049-9957