Table 1 Demographic and ecological characteristics of the 69 districts in Kenya
From: Interaction between climatic, environmental, and demographic factors on cholera outbreaks in Kenya
Districts with no documented cholera cases (n = 21) | Districts with documented cholera cases (n = 48) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Population density (median, IQR) | 229.7 (134.7 – 395.5) | 187.4 (36.2 – 430) | 0.403* |
0.299** | |||
0–50 | 3 (14.3%) | 16 (33.3%) | |
51–200 | 5 (23.8%) | 9 (18.8%) | |
201–500 | 10 (47.6%) | 14 (29.2%) | |
501–1000 | 3 (14.3%) | 6 (12.5%) | |
1000+ | 0 (0%) | 3 (6.3%) | |
No schooling,% (median, IQR) | 8 (6.7 – 11.8) | 11.5 (8.7 – 25.1) | 0.011* |
0.052** | |||
0–15% | 18 (85.7%) | 29 (60.4%) | |
16–30% | 3 (14.3%) | 9 (18.8%) | |
31–100% | 0 (0%) | 10 (20.8%) | |
Poverty,% (median, IQR) | 45.3 (30.8 – 50.3) | 51.8 (42.7 – 68.7) | 0.003* |
0.003** | |||
0–33% | 9 (42.9%) | 5 (10.4%) | |
34–66% | 11 (52.4%) | 30 (62.5%) | |
67–100% | 1 (4.8%) | 13 (27.1%) | |
Unsafe sanitary facilities,% (median, IQR) | 3 (0.5 – 12) | 32.5 (5.4 – 52.8) | 0.001* |
0.016** | |||
0–20% | 18 (85.7%) | 22 (45.8%) | |
21–40% | 2 (9.5%) | 9 (18.8%) | |
41–60% | 1 (4.8%) | 8 (16.7%) | |
61–100% | 0 (0%) | 9 (18.8%) | |
No piped water,% (median, IQR) | 71.9 (59.9 – 84) | 86 (72.9 – 93.8) | 0.083* |
0.038** | |||
0–50% | 2 (9.5%) | 4 (8.3%) | |
51–75% | 10 (47.6%) | 9 (18.8%) | |
76–100% | 9 (42.9%) | 35 (72.9%) | |
No health facility within 5 km,% (median, IQR) | 43.5 (32.2 – 51.8) | 61.4 (45.5 – 78) | 0.013* |
0.07** | |||
0–25% | 3 (14.3%) | 6 (12.5%) | |
26–50% | 11 (52.4%) | 11 (22.9%) | |
51–75% | 5 (23.8%) | 17 (35.4%) | |
76–100% | 2 (9.5%) | 14 (29.2%) | |
Muslim% (median, IQR) | 0 (0 – 0.9) | 0.6 (0 – 15.1) | 0.044* |
0.107** | |||
0% | 15 (71.4%) | 23 (47.9%) | |
1–10% | 5 (23.8%) | 11 (22.9%) | |
11–20% | 1 (4.8%) | 4 (8.3%) | |
21–100% | 0 (0%) | 10 (20.8%) | |
Large body of water | 0.003** | ||
No | 21 (100%) | 30 (62.5%) | |
Ocean | 0 (0%) | 6 (12.5%) | |
Fresh | 0 (0%) | 12(25%) |