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Table 3 Factors associated with quality of life scores after adjusting for intra-individual changes between two interviews and for other factors by generalized estimating equation model

From: Quality of life of COVID-19 recovered patients: a 1-year follow-up study from Bangladesh

Variable

Categories

Difference in physical score

Difference in psychological score

Difference in social score

Difference in environmental score

Coefficient

P-value

Coefficient

P-value

Coefficient

P-value

Coefficient

P-value

Age

< 26 (Ref)

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

26–35

− 2.2

0.01

− 2.1

0.01

− 0.3

0.69

− 0.8

0.27

36–45

− 3.4

< 0.001

− 3.9

< 0.001

− 0.1

0.86

− 0.8

0.28

≥ 46

− 5.5

< 0.001

− 3.7

< 0.001

− 1.1

0.23

− 1.0

0.22

Gender

Male (Ref)

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

Female

− 2.2

< 0.001

− 3.1

< 0.001

− 0.4

0.46

0.2

0.57

Residence

Rural (Ref)

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

Urban/semi urban

− 0.7

0.31

− 0.1

0.87

0.5

0.41

0.9

0.09

Education

No/primary education (Ref)

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

Up to HSC

− 1.4

0.09

1.4

0.07

1.6

0.06

0.7

0.35

Graduation/above

− 0.8

0.32

2.3

0.01

2.1

0.01

2.2

0.002

Employment status

Unemployed (Ref)

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

Employed

2.7

0.03

4.2

< 0.001

− 0.0

0.99

0.9

0.31

Income

< 20 000 (Ref)

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

20 001–40 000

1.7

0.002

2.5

< 0.001

2.5

< 0.001

0.8

0.09

40 001–60 000

2.2

< 0.001

3.3

< 0.001

2.9

< 0.001

3.3

< 0.001

> 60 000

2.3

0.001

2.8

< 0.001

6.8

< 0.001

4.8

< 0.001

Marital status

Unmarried (Ref)

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

Married

0.2

0.74

0.1

0.84

29.4

< 0.001

− 0.8

0.18

HCW

No (Ref)

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

Yes

1.0

0.08

1.0

0.11

0.7

0.27

− 0.2

0.71

Hospital admission

No (Ref)

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

Yes

− 2.9

< 0.001

− 2.7

< 0.001

− 2.9

< 0.001

0.2

0.69

Smoking status

Not smoker (Ref)

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

Smoker

− 0.2

0.74

− 1.4

0.01

− 1.7

0.002

− 0.1

0.81

Past smoker

0.7

0.36

1.4

0.08

− 0.6

0.37

0.8

0.19

Number of chronic diseases

0 (Ref)

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

− 4.0

< 0.001

− 3.0

< 0.001

− 0.9

0.07

− 0.3

0.56

2

− 6.9

< 0.001

− 5.9

< 0.001

− 3.6

< 0.001

− 1.1

0.11

≥ 3

− 9.5

< 0.001

− 9.3

< 0.001

− 5.9

< 0.001

− 2.9

< 0.001

Follow-up

First (Ref)

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 
 

Second

− 1.5

< 0.001

1.8

< 0.001

3.6

< 0.001

3.2

< 0.001

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty

ISSN: 2049-9957

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