Table 1 Basic characteristics of included studies
First author (publication year) | Study design | Study country | Total patients | Name of ICIs | Tumor type | Anti-neoplastic agent combined with ICIs | HBV Reactivation rate (total) | HCC (Yes vs No) | Reactivation rate (HCC vs non-HCC) | HBsAg (+ vs −) | HBV Reactivation rate (HBsAg + vs HBsAg-) | Median follow-up time |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Zhu et al. (2018) [30] | Clinical trial | United States | 103 | Pembrolizumab | HCC | ICI monotherapy | 0/103 (0%) | 103/0 | 0 vs 0 | 22/81 | 0 vs 0 | 12 months |
Tio et al. (2018) [31] | Retrospective | Australia | 14 | Atezolizumab, ipilimumab, nivolumab, pembrolizumab | MM, HCC, GC, UTUC, GBM | ICI monotherapy | 0/14 (0%) | 1/13 | 0 vs 0 | 14/0 | 0 vs 0 | N.A |
Yau et al. (2019) [32] | Clinical trial | China | 105 | Nivolumab | HCC | ICI monotherapy | 10/105 (9.52%) | 105/0 | 9.52% vs 0 | N.A | N.A | 31.6 months |
Finn et al. (2019) [33] | Clinical trial | United States | 72 | Pembrolizumab | HCC | ICI monotherapy | 0/72 (0%) | 72/0 | 0 vs 0 | N.A | N.A | 13.8 months |
Gane et al. (2019) [28] | Clinical trial | New Zealand | 14 | Nivolumab | N.A | ICI monotherapy | 0/14 (0%) | N.A | N.A | 14/0 | 0 vs 0 | 24 weeks |
Shah et al. (2019) [34] | Retrospective | United States | 15 | Atezolizumab, avelumab, durvalumab, ipilimumab nivolumab, pembrolizumab | HCC, NSCLC | ICI ± chemotherapy | 0/15 (0%) | N.A | N.A | 8/7 | 0 vs 0 | N.A |
Zhang et al. (2019) [35] | Retrospective | China | 101 | Atezolizumab, camrelizumab, ipilimumab, nivolumab, pembrolizumab, sintilimab, toripalimab | NPC, HCC, MM | ICI ± chemotherapy or apatinib or bevacizumab or cetuximab or nimotuzumab or osimertinib or regorafenib or sunitinib | 6/101 (5.94%) | 28/73 | 3.57% vs 6.85% | 101/0 | 5.94% vs 0 | N.A |
Qin et al. (2020) [36] | Clinical trial | China | 180 | Camrelizumab | HCC | ICI monotherapy | 0/180 (0%) | 180//0 | 0 vs 0 | 180/0 | 0 vs 0 | 12.5 months |
Pertejo-Fernandez et al. (2020) [37] | Retrospective | United States | 14 | Atezolizumab, durvalumab, ipilimumab, nivolumab, pembrolizumab | NSCLC | ICI ± chemotherapy or ICIs combination therapy | 0/14 (0%) | 0/14 | 0 vs 0 | 2/12 | 0 vs 0 | N.A |
Lee et al. (2020) [38] | Retrospective | China | 60 | Nivolumab, pembrolizumab | HCC | ICI + TKIs not specified | 1/60 (1.67%) | 60/0 | 1.67% vs 0 | N.A | N.A | 6.6 months |
Byeon et al. (2020) [39] | Retrospective | The Republic of Korea | 32 | Nivolumab, pembrolizumab | NSCLC | ICI monotherapy | 3/32 (9.38%) | 0/32 | 0 vs 9.38% | 16/16 | 18.75% vs 0 | 6 months |
Chan et al. (2020) [40] | Retrospective | Singapore | 42 | Atezolizumab, durvalumab nivolumab, pembrolizumab | NSCLC | ICI ± chemotherapy | 1/42 (2.38%) | 0/42 | 0 vs 2.38% | 8/34 | 12.5% vs 0 | 6 months |
Ng et al. (2020) [41] | Retrospective | Singapore | 62 | Not specified | HCC | IC I ± chemotherapy or targeted agent not specified | 6/62 (9.68%) | 62/0 | 9.68% vs 0 | 55/7 | 9.09% vs 14.29% | 13.8 months |
Chen et al. (2020) [42] | Retrospective | China | 70 | Camrelizumab, sintilimab, toripalimab | HCC | ICI + lenvatinib or sorafenib or apatinib | 0/70 (0%) | 70/0 | 0 vs 0 | 70/0 | 0 vs 0 | 44.7 weeks |
Saw et al. (2020) [43] | Retrospective | Australia | 127 | Not specified | N.A | N.A | 0/127 (0%) | N.A | N.A | 0/127 | 0 vs 0 | N.A |
Zhong et al. (2021) [44] | Retrospective | China | 15 | Camrelizumab, nivolumab, pembrolizumab, sintilimab, toripalimab | HCC | IC I ± chemotherapy or anti-neoplastic agent not specified | 0/15 (0%) | 4/11 | 0 vs 0 | 15/0 | 0 vs 0 | 6 months |
Xu et al. (2021) [45] | Retrospective | China | 17 | Camrelizumab, nivolumab, pembrolizumab, sintilimab, tislelizumab, triprizumab | LC | ICI ± chemotherapy | 0/17 (0%) | 0/17 | 0 vs 0 | N.A | N.A | 7.5 months |
Wang et al. (2021) [46] | Retrospective | China | 182 | Atezolizumab camrelizumab, durvalumab, nivolumab, pembrolizumab, sintilimab, tislelizumab, toripalimab | HCC | ICI + apatinib or bevacizumab or lenvatini or regorafenib or sorafenib | 8/182 (4.40%) | 182/0 | 4.40% vs 0 | 182/0 | 4.40% vs 0 | 8 months |
Wong et al. (2021) [6] | Retrospective | China | 990 | Atezolizumab, avelumab, durvalumab ipilimumab, nivolumab, pembrolizumab, spartalizumab, tremelimumab | HCC | ICI monotherapy or ICIs combination therapy | 3/990 (0.30%) | N.A | N.A | 397/ 593 | 0.50% vs 0.17% | 6.9 months |
He et al. (2021) [47] | Retrospective | China | 202 | Camrelizumab nivolumab, pembrolizumab, sintilimab, toripalimab, | HCC | ICI + lenvatinib or regorafenib or sorafenib | 7/202 (3.47%) | 202/0 | 3.47% vs 0 | 202/0 | 3.47% vs 0 | 6 months |
Yoo et al. (2021) [48] | Retrospective | The Republic of Korea | 3465 | Atezolizumab, avelumab, durvalumab, ipilimumab, nivolumab, pembrolizumab, tremelimumab | LC, HPBC, GC, UC | ICI monotherapy or ICIs combination therapy | 5/3465 (0.14%) | 524/2941 | 0.38% vs 0.10% | 511/ 2954 | 0.98% vs 0 | 6 months |
Lee et al. (2021) [49] | Clinical trial | Singapore | 36 | Nivolumab | HCC | ICI monotherapy | 0/36 (0%) | 36/0 | 0 vs 0 | 22/14 | 0 vs 0 | 24.8 months |
Zhang et al. (2021) [50] | Retrospective | China | 62 | Atezolizumab, camrelizumab nivolumab, pembrolizumab | NSCLC | ICI monotherapy | 1/62 (1.61%) | 62/0 | 1.61% vs 0 | 10/52 | 1% vs 0 | 28.4 months |
Lee et al. (2021) [51] | Clinical trial | The Republic of Korea | 26 | Avelumab | HCC | ICI monotherapy | 0/26 (0%) | 26/0 | 0 vs 0 | 26/0 | 0 vs 0 | 13.9 months |
Zhao et al. (2022) [52] | Retrospective | China | 60 | Not specified | NSCLC | ICI ± chemotherapy or/and bevacizumab | 0/60 (0%) | 0/60 | 0 vs 0 | 3/57 | 0 vs 0 | 6.49 months |
Hagiwara et al. (2022) [53] | Retrospective | Japan | 166 | Not specified | HCC | ICI ± chemotherapy or targeted agent not specified | 1/166 (0.6%) | 28/138 | 3.57% vs 0 | 24/142 | 4.17% vs 0 | 48 weeks |
Cheng et al. (2022) [54] | Retrospective | China | 77 | Camrelizumab nivolumab, pembrolizumab, teriprizumab, toripalimab | CRC | ICI ± chemotherapy or TKIs not specified | 0/77 (0%) | 0/77 | 0 vs 0 | 20/57 | 0 vs 0 | N.A |
Nakabori et al. (2022) [55] | Retrospective | Japan | 266 | Atezolizumab, avelumab, durvalumab, ipilimumab, nivolumab, pembrolizumab | N.A | ICI ± chemotherapy or axitinib or bevacizumab | 0/266 (0%) | N.A | N.A | 8/258 | 0 vs 0 | N.A |
Shun et al. (2022) [56] | Clinical trial | China | 17 | Nivolumab | NSCLC | ICI monotherapy | 3/17 (17.65%) | 0/17 | 0 vs 17.65% | 17/0 | 17.65% vs 0 | 37.6 months |
Hu et al. (2022) [57] | Retrospective | China | 70 | Atezolizumab, tislelizumab, other anti-PD-1/L1 not specified | HCC | ICI + apatinib or bevacizumab or lenvatinib or regorafenib or sorafenib | 2/70 (2.86%) | 70/0 | 2.86% vs 0 | 70/0 | 2.86% vs 0 | N.A |
Lei et al. (2023) [58] | Retrospective | China | 203 | Atezolizumab, camrelizumab, nivolumab, pembrolizumab, sintilimab, tislelizumab, toripalimab | HCC | ICI + chemotherapy or lenvatinib or sorafenib | 61/203 (30.05%) | 203/0 | 30.05% vs 0 | 203 vs 0 | 30.05% vs 0 | 5 months |
Lasagna et al. (2023) [59] | Retrospective | Italy | 150 | Atezolizumab, nivolumab, pembrolizumab | MM, RCC, HNC, other tumor not specified | ICI ± chemotherapy | 0/150 (0%) | 0/150 | 0 vs 0 | 0 vs 150 | 0 vs 0 | 12 months |
Nardo et al. (2023) [60] | Retrospective | United States | 10 | Anti-PD-1 ±  Anti-CTLA-4 | N.A | ICI ± chemotherapy or bevacizumab | 0/10 (0%) | N.A | N.A | 10/0 | 0 vs 0 | 33 months |
Chen et al. (2023) [61] | Retrospective | China | 101 | ICIs not specified | HCC | ICI +  TKIs not specified | 5/101 (5.0%) | 101/0 | 5.0% vs 0 | N.A | N.A | 11.68 months |