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Table 1 EID examples from the Jones et al. data base

From: Infectious disease emergence and global change: thinking systemically in a shrinking world

Pathogen

Jones et al. classification

Suggested classification

Chikungunya virus 1952 (Tanzania)

Human demographics & behaviour#

Ascertainment

Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever 1944 virus (Soviet Union)

War & famine

Ascertainment

Dengue 1954 (Philippines)

War & famine#

Ascertainment or travel

Ebola virus (1976 Sudan)

Bushmeat*

Ascertainment

Guama 1954 (Brazil)

Land use changes

Ascertainment?

Guanarito 1989 (Venezuela)

Land use changes

Ascertainment?

Hantaan 1941 virus (China)

Land use changes

Ascertainment?

Hendra virus 1994 (Australia)”

International travel and commerce#

Land use change

Hepatitis C 1975 (USA)

Human susceptibility to infection#

Ascertainment

HIV/AIDS 1959 (Congo)

Bushmeat*

Ascertainment

Lassa fever 1969 (Nigeria)

International travel and commerce#

Ascertainment

Murray Valley Encephalitis 1950 (Australia)

Climate and weather#

Ascertainment?

Nipah 1998 (Malaysia)

Agricultural industry changes *

Novel

Nipah 2001 (South Asia)

not listed

Ascertainment

Plasmodium vivax 1964 (India)

Breakdown of public health measures

Insecticide resistance

  1. This table includes one EID (Nipah in South Asia) that was not included by Jones et al. Several classifications appear accurate and useful (*), others are wrong (#). Many were probably ascertained in this period (1940–2004).