Table 6 Relationship between patients’ characteristics, average household direct costs, and rate of catastrophic payments for TB, Nigeria, 2011
Variable | Direct costs (US$) | T-test | P | Rate of catastrophic payment n (%) | X2 | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 6.01 | <0.001 | 0.024 | 0.9 | ||
≤ 40 | 144 | 150 (43.6) | ||||
> 40 | 197 | 48 (44.4) | ||||
Gender | 4.2 | <0.001 | 26.1 | <0.001 | ||
Male | 171 | 138 (54.3) | ||||
Female | 138 | 60 (30.3) | ||||
Residence | 3.1 | 0.002 | 69 | <0.0 | ||
Urban | 180 | 78 (81.3) | ||||
Rural | 150 | 120 (33.7) | ||||
Education | 0.88 | 0.4 | 40.3 | <0.001 | ||
No formal education | 153 | 42 (24.7) | ||||
Formal education | 159 | 156 (55.3) | ||||
Primary income earner | 4.1 | <0.001 | 56.3 | <0.001 | ||
Yes | 174 | 126 (63.6) | ||||
No | 143 | 72 (28.3) | ||||
Household income level | 2.6 | 0.01 | 72.8 | <0.001 | ||
Poor | 144 | 120 (69) | ||||
Less-poor | 165 | 78 (28.1) | ||||
Category of facility | 0.7 | 0.47 | 37.6 | <0.001 | ||
Public | 161 | 24 (20) | ||||
Private | 155 | 174 (52.4) | ||||
Smear status | 0.02 | 0.98 | 0.66 | 0.42 | ||
Smear positive | 157 | 162 (44.8) | ||||
Smear negative | 157 | 36 (40) | ||||
HIV status | 4.4 | <0.001 | 1.3 | 0.25 | ||
Positive | 168 | 66 (45) | ||||
Negative | 131 | 132 (42) | ||||