Table 1 Pig-associated zoonoses suspected to be endemic in Southeast (SE) Asia that can cause high fever, muscle pain and other influenza-like symptoms (acute febrile illness)
Disease | Aetiological agent | Transmission route | Host animals in SE Asia | Estimated DALYs lost per year | Risk factors |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Brucellosis | Bacterial (Brucella spp.) | Consumption of unpasteurised dairy and raw animal products; direct contact with infected animals/animal products; inhalation | Varies by region and strain – sheep, goats, cattle, buffalo, pigs | Unknown | Swine contact in high risk occupations; food preparation and consumption practices |
Q-fever | Bacterial (Coxiella spp.) | Consumption of unpasteurised dairy and raw animal products; direct/indirect contact with infected animals/animal products; inhalation | Cattle, sheep, goats, cats, dogs, pigs, rodents, ticks, wildlife | Unknown | Swine contact in high risk occupations; food preparation and consumption practices |
Trichinellosis/Trichinosis | Parasitic (Trichinella spp.) | Consumption of raw/undercooked pork products | Mainly pigs; also wild boar, cattle, sheep, dogs, cats, rodents, wildlife | Unknown | Pig husbandry; poor meat inspection; food preparation and consumption practices |