Country | Type of water | Correlation of (oo)cyst concentration and physicochemical parameter(s) | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Oocyst | Cyst | Chlorine | Ammonia | Nitrate | Nitrite | DO | TDS | Salinity | Turbidity | ||
Malaysia | Treated | Oocyst | 1.000 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Cyst | 0 | 1.000 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | ||
Chlorine | 0 | 0 | 1.000 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | ||
Ammonia | 0 | 0 | −0.183 | 1.000 |  |  |  |  |  |  | ||
Nitrate | 0 | 0 | 0.182 | −0.261 | 1.000 |  |  |  |  |  | ||
Nitrite | 0 | 0 | −0.171 | −0.155 | −0.284 | 1.000 |  |  |  |  | ||
DO | 0 | 0 | 0.224 | −0.305 | 0.303 | −0.367 | 1.000 |  |  |  | ||
TDS | 0 | 0 | −0.010 | −0.196 | −0.088 | −0.111 | 0.027 | 1.000 |  |  | ||
Salinity | 0 | 0 | −0.344 | 0.181 | −0.433 | −0.113 | −0.488 | 0.733 | 1.000 |  | ||
Turbidity | 0 | 0 | −0.181 | −0.232 | 0.237 | −0.191 | 0.846 | −0.255 | −0.583 | 1.000 | ||
Untreated | Oocyst | 1.000 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
Cyst | 0.590 | 1.000 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | ||
Chlorine | −0.031 | −0.099 | 1.000 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ||
Ammonia | 0.421 | 0.742 | 0.181 | 1.000 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | ||
Nitrate | 0.441 | 0.603 | 0.082 | 0.434 | 1.000 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | ||
Nitrite | 0.473 | 0.614 | 0.172 | 0.597 | 0.851 | 1.000 | Â | Â | Â | Â | ||
DO | −0.022 | −0.078 | −0.307 | −0.317 | −0.126 | −0.326 | 1.000 |  |  |  | ||
TDS | 0.156 | 0.284 | 0.221 | 0.327 | −0.076 | −0.042 | 0.217 | 1.000 |  |  | ||
Salinity | 0.270 | 0.458 | 0.448 | 0.657 | 0.133 | 0.337 | −0.388 | 0.718 | 1.000 |  | ||
Turbidity | −0.043 | −0.081 | 0.228 | −0.005 | 0.040 | −0.027 | −0.292 | 0.226 | 0.240 | 1.000 | ||
Thailand | Treated | Oocyst | 1.000 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Cyst | 0 | 1.000 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | ||
Chlorine | 0 | 0 | 1.000 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | ||
Ammonia | 0 | 0 | −0.221 | 1.000 |  |  |  |  |  |  | ||
Nitrate | 0 | 0 | 0.735 | 0.037 | 1.000 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | ||
Nitrite | 0 | 0 | 0.518 | 0.444 | 0.772 | 1.000 | Â | Â | Â | Â | ||
DO | 0 | 0 | −0.088 | −0.244 | −0.118 | 0.085 | 1.000 |  |  |  | ||
TDS | 0 | 0 | −0.027 | 0.236 | 0.639 | 0.550 | −0.087 | 1.000 |  |  | ||
Salinity | 0 | 0 | −0.044 | 0.259 | 0.627 | 0.535 | −0.103 | 0.998 | 1.000 |  | ||
Turbidity | 0 | 0 | −0.008 | 0.306 | −0.233 | 0.173 | −0.077 | −0.200 | −0.215 | 1.000 | ||
Untreated | Oocyst | 1.000 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
Cyst | 0.838 | 1.000 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | ||
Chlorine | 0.037 | 0.117 | 1.000 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | ||
Ammonia | 0.153 | 0.179 | 0.120 | 1.000 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | ||
Nitrate | −0.034 | 0.031 | 0.423 | 0.299 | 1.000 |  |  |  |  |  | ||
Nitrite | 0.137 | 0.169 | 0.404 | 0.446 | 0.657 | 1.000 | Â | Â | Â | Â | ||
DO | −0.072 | −0.035 | −0.124 | −0.242 | −0.037 | −0.148 | 1.000 |  |  |  | ||
TDS | −0.147 | −0.176 | 0.262 | −0.252 | 0.090 | 0.162 | 0.200 | 1.000 |  |  | ||
Salinity | 0.205 | 0.215 | −0.185 | 0.135 | −0.295 | −0.180 | 0.410 | −0.166 | 1.000 |  | ||
Turbidity | 0.251 | 0.334 | 0.207 | 0.347 | 0.067 | 0.232 | 0.171 | −0.096 | 0.517 | 1.000 | ||
Philippines | Treated | Oocyst | 1.000 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Cyst | 1.000 | 1.000 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | ||
Chlorine | −0.339 | −0.339 | 1.000 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ||
Ammonia | −0.155 | −0.155 | −0.259 | 1.000 |  |  |  |  |  |  | ||
Nitrate | 0.993 | 0.993 | −0.260 | −0.178 | 1.000 |  |  |  |  |  | ||
Nitrite | 0.272 | 0.272 | −0.146 | −0.414 | 0.199 | 1.000 |  |  |  |  | ||
DO | −0.445 | −0.445 | 0.164 | −0.098 | −0.407 | −0.463 | 1.000 |  |  |  | ||
TDS | 0.447 | 0.447 | 0.342 | −0.033 | 0.436 | 0.481 | −0.532 | 1.000 |  |  | ||
Salinity | 0.447 | 0.447 | 0.338 | −0.048 | 0.435 | 0.497 | −0.539 | 1.000 | 1.000 |  | ||
Turbidity | −0.359 | −0.359 | −0.251 | −0.452 | −0.364 | 0.011 | 0.388 | −0.827 | −0.816 | 1.000 | ||
Untreated | Oocyst | 1.000 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
Cyst | 0.516 | 1.000 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | ||
Chlorine | 0.310 | −0.113 | 1.000 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ||
Ammonia | 0.297 | 0.450 | 0.330 | 1.000 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | ||
Nitrate | 0.191 | 0.325 | 0.570 | 0.500 | 1.000 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | ||
Nitrite | 0.107 | 0.720 | −0.020 | 0.614 | 0.578 | 1.000 |  |  |  |  | ||
DO | −0.354 | 0.084 | −0.879 | −0.507 | −0.533 | −0.016 | 1.000 |  |  |  | ||
TDS | 0.188 | −0.134 | 0.484 | −0.042 | 0.547 | −0.128 | −0.408 | 1.000 |  |  | ||
Salinity | 0.151 | −0.159 | 0.527 | 0.121 | 0.059 | −0.057 | −0.470 | −0.105 | 1.000 |  | ||
Turbidity | 0.337 | 0.127 | 0.600 | 0.690 | 0.288 | 0.146 | −0.596 | 0.138 | 0.252 | 1.000 | ||
Vietnam | Treated | Oocyst | 1.000 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Cyst | 0 | 1.000 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | ||
Chlorine | 0 | 0 | 1.000 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | ||
Ammonia | 0 | 0 | −0.939 | 1.000 |  |  |  |  |  |  | ||
Nitrate | 0 | 0 | −0.302 | 0.187 | 1.000 |  |  |  |  |  | ||
Nitrite | 0 | 0 | 1.000 | −0.937 | −0.312 | 1.000 |  |  |  |  | ||
DO | 0 | 0 | −0.361 | 0.642 | 0.141 | −0.360 | 1.000 |  |  |  | ||
TDS | 0 | 0 | −0.353 | 0.101 | −0.305 | −0.349 | −0.661 | 1.000 |  |  | ||
Salinity | 0 | 0 | −0.287 | −0.022 | −0.086 | −0.286 | −0.779 | 0.960 | 1.000 |  | ||
Turbidity | 0 | 0 | 0.996 | −0.952 | −0.357 | 0.996 | −0.428 | −0.266 | −0.207 | 1.000 | ||
Untreated | Oocyst | 1.000 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
Cyst | 0 | 1.000 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | ||
Chlorine | 0 | 0.084 | 1.000 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | ||
Ammonia | 0 | 0.648 | 0.807 | 1.000 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | ||
Nitrate | 0 | 0.181 | 0.965 | 0.847 | 1.000 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | ||
Nitrite | 0 | 0.500 | 0.782 | 0.876 | 0.882 | 1.000 | Â | Â | Â | Â | ||
DO | 0 | −0.628 | 0.274 | −0.176 | 0.031 | −0.332 | 1.000 |  |  |  | ||
TDS | 0 | 0.531 | 0.761 | 0.879 | 0.867 | 0.999 | −0.365 | 1.000 |  |  | ||
Salinity | 0 | 0.531 | 0.760 | 0.879 | 0.867 | 0.999 | −0.367 | 1.000 | 1.000 |  | ||
Turbidity | 0 | −0.018 | 0.978 | 0.730 | 0.971 | 0.801 | 0.219 | 0.778 | 0.778 | 1.000 |