Table 4 Median costs incurred according to patients’ characteristics
Variablea | Ethiopia N = 504 | Nepal N = 619 | Nigeria N = 502 | Yemen N = 600 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | ETB | N | NPR | N | NGN | N | YER | ||
Age (years) | <20 | 52 | 21 (8; 48) | 37 | 600 (500; 740)*** | 13 | 1100 (850; 2300)**** | 54 | 2240 (1400; 3850) |
20–49 | 367 | 24 (11; 58) | 332 | 600 (500; 858) | 444 | 725 (400; 1390) | 312 | 2550 (1400; 4795) | |
≥50 | 83 | 26 (12; 60) | 250 | 640 (560; 980) | 40 | 800 (525; 1800) | 232 | 2760 (1445; 5050) | |
Gender | Male | 278 | 24 (11; 56) | 395 | 610 (500; 976) | 241 | 700 (420; 1400) | 328 | 2525 (1305; 4650)**** |
Female | 224 | 24 (11: 60) | 224 | 600 (500; 849) | 256 | 800 (480; 1400) | 271 | 2600 (1600; 5450) | |
Residency | Rural | 182 | 43 (24; 79)* | 63 | 725 (460; 1890)* | 82 | 700 (480; 1400) | 279 | 3890 (2250; 6250)* |
Same town | 215 | 12 (5; 24) | 284 | 598 (500; 749) | 408 | 760 (400; 1400) | 267 | 1650 (890; 2654) | |
Other town | 105 | 56 (40; 82) | 272 | 648 (572; 895) | 7 | 1660 (850; 1800) | 53 | 4250 (2450; 7360) | |
Companions | Alone | 129 | 9 (5; 14)* | 181 | 600 (500; 750)** | 320 | 645 (400; 1100)* | 90 | 1420 (800; 2450)* |
Accompanied | 373 | 38 (24; 72) | 435 | 620 (500; 980) | 177 | 1100 (600; 1900) | 509 | 2850 (1650; 5250) | |
Diagnosis | Completed | 488 | 24 (11; 58) | 602 | 600 (500; 885) | 423 | 750 (400; 1400) | 569 | 2550 (1400; 4890) |
$1.47 | $8.16 | $4.94 | $11.89 | ||||||
Incomplete | 14 | 27.5 (8; 48) | 16 | 868 (400; 1188) | 47 | 750 (500; 1400) | 30 | 2675 (1650; 4050) | |
$1.68 | $11.81 | $4.94 | $12.47 | ||||||
Smear result | Positive | 111 | 28 (13; 53) | 71 | 700 (560; 1160)*** | 85 | 800 (480; 1400) | 120 | 2610 (1450; 4850) |
Negative | 389 | 24 (11; 58) | 545 | 600 (500; 850) | 403 | 740 (400; 1400) | 476 | 2550 (1400; 4930) | |
Culture | Positive | 141 | 29 (13; 56)**** | 73 | 672 (580; 1160)*** | 80 | 770 (400; 1400) | 150 | 2535 (1400; 4800) |
Negative | 345 | 24 (11; 58) | 515 | 600 (500; 840) | 399 | 760 (420; 1400) | 430 | 2555 (1450; 5050) | |
Illness duration (weeks) | 1–2 | 90 | 24 (11; 48)**** | 63 | 540 (270; 1200)** | 133 | 750 (420; 1400) | 162 | 2625 (1510; 5050) |
3–4 | 153 | 24 (9; 52) | 153 | 596 (500; 780) | 144 | 800 (400; 1400) | 140 | 2400 (1325; 4610) | |
5–11 | 120 | 38 (17; 64) | 129 | 600 (540; 950) | 91 | 800 (400; 1440) | 131 | 2850 (1350; 4890) | |
≥12 | 137 | 24 (11; 72) | 271 | 640 (560; 976) | 118 | 700 (500; 1220) | 153 | 2480 (1550; 4750) | |
Cough duration (weeks) | 1–2 | 95 | 24 (11; 48)**** | 80 | 565 (300; 1148)** | 165 | 800 (400; 1500) | 196 | 2650 (1455; 5100) |
3–4 | 160 | 24 (9; 50) | 169 | 600 (500; 800) | 134 | 740 (400; 1380) | 132 | 2450 (1450; 4725) | |
5–11 | 115 | 36 (16; 64) | 130 | 630 (540; 1020) | 84 | 800 (490; 1440) | 118 | 2425 (1250; 4750) | |
≥12 | 128 | 24 (11.5; 72) | 238 | 623 (580; 900) | 104 | 700 (500; 1370) | 138 | 2515 (1610; 4750) | |
Employment status | Working | 234 | 24 (10; 56) | 202 | 598 (500; 780)** | 367 | 700 (400; 1300)** | 163 | 2150 (1090; 4050)** |
Not working | 268 | 28 (11.5; 63) | 417 | 640 (540; 900) | 130 | 1000 (520; 1600) | 436 | 2650 (1580; 5100) | |
Occupation | Farmer | 125 | 52 (24; 80)* | 133 | 648 (552; 980) | 32 | 800 (535; 1600)*** | 140 | 3375 (2000; 6050)* |
Student | 47 | 24 (11; 52) | 66 | 640 (500; 900) | 46 | 1150 (550; 1900) | 58 | 2250 (1250; 4050) | |
Housewife | 121 | 42 (24; 73) | 146 | 611.5 (500; 848) | 22 | 690 (400; 1040) | 210 | 2850 (1650; 6050) | |
Labourer | 38 | 11 (5; 21) | 21 | 600 (480; 1080) | 21 | 1200 (640; 1440) | 71 | 2050 (1120; 3250) | |
Merchant | 32 | 22.5 (8; 52) | 97 | 600 (536; 720) | 1 | 20000 (−; −) | 8 | 1925 (975; 2950) | |
Government | 45 | 13 (7; 27) | 33 | 600 (540; 700) | 86 | 720 (400; 1300) | 61 | 2500 (1250; 4250) | |
Other | 92 | 16 (8; 27.5) | 117 | 600 (500; 975) | 289 | 700 (400; 1320) | 51 | 1300 (800; 2950) | |