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Table 3 Bivariate and multivariate analyses to determine the associations between potential predictors and recent HIV infection among participating MSM in seven Chinese cities (N = 4238a)

From: High HIV incidence epidemic among men who have sex with men in china: results from a multi-site cross-sectional study

Variable

   

Crude Model

Adjusted Modelb

N

Recent HIV infection

cOR (95 % CI)

P Value

aOR (95 % CI)

P Value

 

Frequency

%

    

Sexual orientation

 Other orientation

1 750

60

3.4

Ref

 

Ref

 

 Homosexual orientation

2 488

126

5.1

1.5 ( 1.1 ~ 2.1 )

0.01

1.6 ( 1.1 ~ 2.2 )

0.01

Occupations

 Non-students

3 684

160

4.3

Ref

 

Ref

 

 Students

554

26

4.7

1.1 ( 0.7 ~ 1.7 )

0.71

0.8 ( 0.5 ~ 1.3 )

0.30

Monthly income (USD)

      

 No income

747

31

4.2

Ref

 

Ref

 

 1-600

1 908

86

4.5

1.1 ( 0.7 ~ 1.7 )

0.69

1.5 ( 1.0 ~ 2.4 )

0.06

  > = 600

1 583

69

4.4

1.1 ( 0.7 ~ 1.8)

0.82

1.6 ( 1.0 ~ 2.6 )

0.06

Ethnics

 Non-Han

276

12

4.4

Ref

 

Ref

 

 Han

3 962

174

4.4

1.0 ( 0.6 ~ 1.8 )

0.97

1.1 ( 0.6 ~ 2.1 )

0.74

Main venue of seeking male sexual partners

 Non-Internet

1 359

56

4.1

Ref

 

Ref

 

 Internet

2 879

130

4.5

1.1 ( 0.8 ~ 1.5 )

0.56

1.0 ( 0.7 ~ 1.4 )

0.98

Knowledge about prevention of HIV

 Inadequate

2 335

77

3.3

Ref

 

Ref

 

 Adequate

1 903

109

5.7

1.8 ( 1.3 ~ 2.4 )

<0.01

1.4 ( 1.0 ~ 2.0 )

0.04

Age of initial sex (years)

 0-15

271

7

2.6

Ref

 

Ref

 

 16-25

3 617

169

4.7

1.9 ( 0.9 ~ 4.0 )

0.12

1.5 ( 0.7 ~ 3.3 )

0.30

  > = 26

350

10

2.9

1.1 ( 0.4 ~ 3.0 )

0.84

1.0 ( 0.4 ~ 2.8 )

0.98

Gender of initial sexual partner

 Female

1 467

63

4.3

Ref

 

Ref

 

 Male

2 771

123

4.4

1.0 ( 0.8 ~ 1.4 )

0.83

1.0 ( 0.7 ~ 1.5 )

0.84

Anal sexual experience in last 6 months

 No

253

5

2.0

Ref

 

Ref

 

 Yes

3 985

181

4.5

2.4 ( 1.0 ~ 5.8 )

0.06

2.4 ( 1.0 ~ 5.9)

0.06

Predominant sex position in last 6 months

 Receptive only or both

2 975

147

4.9

Ref

 

Ref

 

 Insertive only

1 263

39

3.1

0.6 ( 0.4 ~ 0.9 )

0.01

0.5 ( 0.4 ~ 0.8 )

<0.01

Used condom at last anal sex with male partners

 No

1 168

57

4.9

Ref

 

Ref

 

 Yes

3 070

129

4.2

0.9 ( 0.6 ~ 1.2 )

0.34

0.9( 0.7 ~ 1.3 )

0.52

No. of male sexual partners in last 6 months

  < =2

2 614

100

3.8

Ref

 

Ref

 

  > 2

1 624

86

5.3

1.4 ( 1.1 ~ 1.9 )

0.02

1.4 ( 1.1 ~ 1.9 )

0.02

Used condom at last oral sex with male partners

 No

3 841

169

4.4

Ref

 

Ref

 

 Yes

397

17

4.3

1.0 ( 0.6 ~ 1.6 )

0.91

0.9 ( 0.5 ~ 1.5 )

0.66

Having foreign male sexual partners in last 6 months

 No

4 188

181

4.3

Ref

 

Ref

 

 Yes

50

5

10.0

25 ( 1.0 ~ 63 )

0.06

1.8 ( 0.7 ~ 4.7 )

0.220

Having female sexual partners in last 6 months

 No

3 463

158

4.6

Ref

 

Ref

 

 Yes

775

28

3.6

0.8 ( 0.5 ~ 1.2 )

0.24

0.8 ( 0.5 ~ 1.3 )

0.33

Recreational drug use in last 6 months

 No

3 055

116

3.8

Ref

 

Ref

 

 Yes

1 183

70

5.9

1.6 ( 1.2 ~ 2.2 )

0.01

2.2 ( 1.6 ~ 3.0 )

<0.01

STDs-related symptoms in last year

 No

3 924

165

4.2

Ref

 

Ref

 

 Yes

314

21

6.7

1.6 ( 1.0 ~ 2.6 )

0.04

1.7 ( 1.1 ~ 2.8 )

0.03

Anal bleeding in the last 6 months

 No

3 591

137

3.8

Ref

 

Ref

 

 Yes

647

49

7.6

2.1 ( 1.5 ~ 2.9 )

<0.01

2.1 ( 1.4 ~ 3.0 )

<0.01

Condom breakage during anal intercourse in last 6 months

 No

3 864

164

4.2

Ref

 

Ref

 

 Yes

374

22

5.9

1.4 ( 0.9 ~ 2.2 )

0.14

1.5 ( 0.9 ~ 2.4 )

0.11

Circumcision experience

 No

3 882

160

4.1

Ref

 

Ref

 

 Yes

356

26

7.3

1.8 ( 1.2 ~ 2.8 )

0.01

2.0( 1.3 ~ 3.1 )

0.01

Syphilis infection status

 No

3 908

153

3.9

Ref

 

Ref

 

 Yes

330

33

10.0

2.7 ( 1.8 ~ 4.1 )

<0.01

2.8 ( 1.9 ~ 4.3 )

<0.01

HSV-2 infection status

 No

3 680

142

3.9

Ref

 

Ref

 

 Yes

481

36

7.5

2.0 (1.4 ~ 2.9 )

<0.01

2.3 (1.5 ~ 3.3 )

<0.01

  1. a258 MSM participants were not analyzed here, in which 250 were BED-CEIA detected established HIV infected participants and 8 were HIV antibody positive participants failing to be tested by BED-CEIA for lack of sufficient samples
  2. bThe models were adjusted for age (continuous), study site (Shanghai, Nanjing, Changsha, Zhengzhou, Ji’nan, Shenyang and Kunming), residence (local/migrants), education (illiterate/attended primary school, junior high school, senior high school or equal/college or above) and marital status (never married/ever married)