Insecticide resistance in phlebotomine sandflies in Southeast Asia with emphasis on the Indian subcontinent

Dhiman, Ramesh C.; Yadav, Rajpal S.

doi:10.1186/s40249-016-0200-3

Infectious Diseases of Poverty

Table 1 Status of insecticide resistance in phlebotomine sandflies in the Southeast Asia region

From: Insecticide resistance in phlebotomine sandflies in Southeast Asia with emphasis on the Indian subcontinent

Geographical area	Sandfly species	Insecticide	Result	Reference
A. Bangladesh	P. argentipes	DDT	Susceptible	Choudhury (2000) [41]
B. India
Muzaffarpur District (Bihar)	P. argentipes	DDT	Susceptible	Kaul et al. (1978) [16]
Muzaffarpur District (Bihar)	P. argentipes	dieldrin	Susceptible
Muzaffarpur and Samastipur districts (Bihar)	P. papatasi	DDT	Resistant
Muzaffarpur and Samastipur districts (Bihar)	P. papatasi	dieldrin	Susceptible (in both districts)
Muzaffarpur District (Bihar)	P. papatasi	DDT	Resistant	Joshi et al. (1979) [3]
West Bengal	P. argentipes	DDT	Susceptible	Sen (1959) [15]
Muzaffarpur District (Bihar)	P. papatasi	DDT	Resistant	Dhanda et al. (1983) [18]
Samastipur District (Bihar)	P. argentipes	DDT	Tolerant	Mukhopadhyay et al. (1990) [4]
Begusarai and Muzaffarpur districts (Bihar)	P. papatasi	DDT	Resistant in both districts	Das et al. (1995) [19]
Ghaziabad District (Uttar Pradesh) and Midnapur District (West Bengal)	P. papatasi	DDT	Resistant	Dhiman and Mittal (2000) [20]
		dieldrin	Resistant
		malathion	Resistant
		deltamethrin	Suceptible (Populations of both districts)
Panchmahal District (Gujarat)	P. papatasi	DDT and dieldrin	Susceptible	Thapar et al. (1993) [21]
Bikaner District (Rajasthan)	P. papatasi	DDT, dieldrin and propoxur	Resistant	Bansal and Singh (1996) [22]
Bikaner District (Rajasthan)	P. papatasi	malathion, fenitrothion and permethrin	Susceptible	Bansal and Singh (1996) [22]
Pali and Barmer districts (Rajasthan)	P. papatasi	DDT	Resistant	Singh and Bansal (1996) [23]
Pali and Barmer districts (Rajasthan)	P. papatasi	dieldrin, malathion, fenitrothion and propoxur	Susceptible	Singh and Bansal (1996) [23]
Vaishali District	P. argentipes	DDT	Resistant (15.4 % mortality)	Kaul et al. (1993) [25]
Patna District (Bihar)	P. papatasi		Resistant (2.9 % mortality)
Patna District (Bihar)	P. argentipes		Susceptible (100 % mortality)
Varanasi District (Uttar Pradesh)	P. argentipes	DDT	Susceptible	Joshi and Rai (1994) [28]
Varanasi District (Uttar Pradesh)	P. papatasi	DDT	Susceptible	Joshi and Rai (1994) [28]
West Bengal	P. argentipes	DDT	Susceptible	Mukhopadhyay et al. (1996) [29]
West Bengal	P. papatasi		Resistant	Mukhopadhyay et al. (1996) [29]
Sahibganj District (Bihar)	P. argentipes	DDT	Resistant	NMEP (1991) [30]
Sahibganj District (Bihar)	P. argentipes	dieldrin	Susceptible	NMEP (1991) [30]
24 Parganas District (West Bengal)	P. argentipes	DDT	Resistant	Basak and Tandon (1995) [31]
Hoogly District (West Bengal)	P. argentipes	DDT	Susceptible	Chandra et al. (1995) [32]
Maldah District (West Bengal)	P. argentipes	DDT	Resistant (40–61.5%mortality)	Kumar et al. (2015) [33]
Pondicherry	P. argentipes	DDT	Tolerant	Amalraj et al. (1999) [34]
		BHC	Tolerant
		malathion	Resistant
		deltamethrin	Resistant
		permethrin	Resistant
		bendiocarb	Susceptible
	P. papatasi	DDT	Tolerant
		BHC	Susceptible
		malathion	Tolerant
		deltamethrin	Tolerant
		permethrin	Resistant
		bendiocarb	Susceptible
Vaishali	P. argentipes	DDT	Resistant (71–78 % mortality) to almost susceptible (97.57 % mortality)	Singh et al. (2001) [35]
Darbhanga			Susceptible (98.24 % mortality) to tolerant (96.28 % mortality)
Patna and Samastipur districts (Bihar)			Susceptible (100 % mortality)
Nainital and Almora districts (Uttarakhand)	P. argentipes	DDT	Susceptible	Rao et al. (2001) [40]
Vaishali District	P. argentipes	DDT	Resistant	Dhiman et al. (2003) [36]
Vaishali District	P. argentipes	deltamethrin	Susceptible
Patna District (Bihar)		DDT	Susceptible
Patna District (Bihar)		malathion	Susceptible
Muzaffarpur, Vaishali and Patna districts combined (Bihar)	P. argentipes	DDT	Resistant (43 % mortality)	Dinesh et al. (2010) [37]
Muzaffarpur, Vaishali and Patna districts combined (Bihar)	P. argentipes	deltamethrin	Susceptible (95–100 % mortality)	Dinesh et al. (2010) [37]
Gadchiroli District (Maharashtra), Ramgarh District (Jharkhand), Katihar and Vaishali districts (Bihar)	P. argentipes	DDT	Resistant	Singh et al. (2012) [39]
		malathion	Susceptible
		deltamethrin	Susceptible
Patna District (Bihar)		DDT	Verification required (89 % mortality)
Patna District (Bihar)		malathion and deltamethrin	Susceptible
Patna	P. argentipes	DDT	Resistant, tolerant and susceptible	Singh and Kumar (2015) [38]
Vaishali			Resistant, tolerant
Muzaffarpur			Resistant, tolerant
Muzaffarpur			Resistant, tolerant and susceptible
Samastipur, Sheohar and Sitamarhi districts (Bihar)			Resistant
			Susceptible
			Resistant
C. Nepal
Dhansua District	P. argentipes	DDT	Susceptible to both insecticides	Anonymous (2000) [43]
Dhansua District	P. papatasi	malathion	Susceptible to both insecticides	Anonymous (2000) [43]
Dhansua District	P.argentipes	malathion, bendiocarb, deltamethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin	Susceptible to all insecticides	Environmental Health Project (2001) [42]
Sunsari and Morang districts	P. argentipes	DDT	Resistant (62%mortality) in bordering area with India, otherwise susceptible in other areas	Dinesh et al. (2010) [37]
Sunsari and Morang districts	P. argentipes	deltamethrin	Susceptible (96–99 % mortality)	Dinesh et al. (2010) [37]
D. Sri Lanka
Delft islands	P. argentipes	malathion	Biochemical evidence of resistance	Surendran et al. (2005) [44]

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