Fig. 3
From: Socio-ecological dynamics and challenges to the governance of Neglected Tropical Disease control
Results from a malaria-filariasis (LF) co-infection model [40] portraying the dynamic impact on each infection as a result of a 10-year annual MDA programme against LF in a community exposed to co-transmission of both infections by the same Anopheles mosquitoes. a Mf prevalence changes over time, and b the corresponding changes in malaria prevalence in the co-endemic community due to LF MDA. The predictions show that as a result of density dependent effects by LF larvae on mosquito survival, removal of worms by MDA (provided annually for 10 years) could give rise to a flare up of malaria cases in such co-endemic communities