Variable | N | n (%) | OR (95% CI) | P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | ||||
 14–29 | 241 | 101 (41.9) | 1 |  |
  ≥ 30 | 118 | 65 (55.1) | 1.7 (1.09–2.65) | 0.019 |
Education (n = 356) | ||||
 Primary school or above | 67 | 32 (47.8) | 1 |  |
 No formal education | 289 | 131 (45.3) | 0.9 (0.53–1.54) | 0.719 |
Parity | ||||
  ≤ 2 | 109 | 48 (44.0) | 1 |  |
  > 2 | 250 | 118 (47.2) | 1.4 (0.72–1.79) | 0.580 |
Gestational age (n = 355) |  |  |  | |
 First trimester | 112 | 54 (48.2) | 1 |  |
 Second trimester | 124 | 54 (43.5) | 0.8 (0.50–1.38) | 0.470 |
 Third trimester | 119 | 55 (46.2) | 0.9 (0.55–1.55) | 0.760 |
History of miscarriage (n = 356) | ||||
 No | 193 | 86 (44.6) | 1 | 0.613 |
 Yes | 163 | 77 (47.2) | 1.1 (0.73–1.69) | |
Employment (n = 356) | ||||
 Employed | 10 | 3 (30.0) | 1 |  |
 Unemployed | 346 | 160 (46.2) | 2.0 (0.51–7.89) | 0.309 |
Type of household water source (n = 357) | ||||
 Improved | 41 | 12 (29.3) | 1 |  |
 Unimproved | 316 | 152 (48.1) | 2.2 (1.10–4.55) | 0.023a |
Storing water at household (n = 315) | ||||
 No | 43 | 21 (48.8) | 1 |  |
 Yes | 272 | 121 (44.5) | 0.8 (0.44–1.60) | 0.594 |
Rearing animals (n = 351) | ||||
 No | 150 | 63 (42.0) | 1 |  |
 Yes | 201 | 96 (47.8) | 1.3 (0.82–1.93) | 0.283 |
Chewing khat (n = 354) | ||||
 No | 141 | 56 (39.7) | 1 |  |
 Yes | 213 | 105 (49.3) | 1.48 (0.96–2.27) | 0.076 |