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Table 1 Bivariate analysis of factors associated with T. gondii IgG seropositivity among pregnant women in the rural communities of Taiz, Yemen (2012–2014)

From: A community-based survey of Toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant women in rural areas of Taiz governorate, Yemen: the risk of waterborne transmission

Variable

N

n (%)

OR (95% CI)

P-value

Age (years)

 14–29

241

101 (41.9)

1

 

  ≥ 30

118

65 (55.1)

1.7 (1.09–2.65)

0.019

Education (n = 356)

 Primary school or above

67

32 (47.8)

1

 

 No formal education

289

131 (45.3)

0.9 (0.53–1.54)

0.719

Parity

  ≤ 2

109

48 (44.0)

1

 

  > 2

250

118 (47.2)

1.4 (0.72–1.79)

0.580

Gestational age (n = 355)

   

 First trimester

112

54 (48.2)

1

 

 Second trimester

124

54 (43.5)

0.8 (0.50–1.38)

0.470

 Third trimester

119

55 (46.2)

0.9 (0.55–1.55)

0.760

History of miscarriage (n = 356)

 No

193

86 (44.6)

1

0.613

 Yes

163

77 (47.2)

1.1 (0.73–1.69)

Employment (n = 356)

 Employed

10

3 (30.0)

1

 

 Unemployed

346

160 (46.2)

2.0 (0.51–7.89)

0.309

Type of household water source (n = 357)

 Improved

41

12 (29.3)

1

 

 Unimproved

316

152 (48.1)

2.2 (1.10–4.55)

0.023a

Storing water at household (n = 315)

 No

43

21 (48.8)

1

 

 Yes

272

121 (44.5)

0.8 (0.44–1.60)

0.594

Rearing animals (n = 351)

 No

150

63 (42.0)

1

 

 Yes

201

96 (47.8)

1.3 (0.82–1.93)

0.283

Chewing khat (n = 354)

 No

141

56 (39.7)

1

 

 Yes

213

105 (49.3)

1.48 (0.96–2.27)

0.076

  1. N, number examined, n, number of IgG-positive women
  2. aConfirmed as an independent risk factor by multivariable analysis