Table 3 Unadjusted and adjusted analyses for factors associated with hookworm infection at the 15-month follow-up point

 Sex

Male

1

1

1

Female

0.44 (0.20–0.97)

0.034

0.43 (0.20–0.97)

0.041

0.18 (0.03–1.00)

0.070

 Age group

5–8

1

1

1

9–10

1.93 (0.64–5.82)

2.01 (0.66–6.07)

2.95 (0.26–32.67)

11–12

1.59 (0.50–5.01)

0.576

1.53 (0.48–4.83)

0.405

1.10 (0.10–12.36)

0.537

13–15

2.02 (0.67–6.10)

1.88 (0.62–5.72)

4.19 (0.37–47.11)

 Anemia

Yes

0.56 (0.24–1.30)

0.162

0.50 (0.21–1.16)

0.095

1.83 (0.27–12.55)

0.628

 Thin

Yes

1.81 (0.72–4.58)

0.235

1.66 (0.65–4.23)

0.318

5.21 (0.34–78.8)

0.152

 Stunted

Yes

2.05 (1.00–4.20)

0.050

1.92 (0.93–3.96)

0.080

2.76 (0.20–350.5)

0.681

 Underweight

Yes

8.46 (2.23–32.01)

0.005

5.50 (1.65–18.28)

0.006

2.87 (0.42–19.77)

0.258

  Hookworm infection

Yes

2.02 (1.32–3.09)

0.001

1.63 (0.74–3.61)

0.225

0.79 (0.13–4.84)

0.804

  Hookworm intensity

0

1

1

1

1–999

1.67 (0.75–3.72)

0.087

0.29 (0.08–1.14)

0.110

0.75 (0.13–4.48)

0.890

> = 1 000

6.19 (1.48–28.88)

1

0.85 (0.00–217.17)

 Socioeconomic status

Poor

1

1

1

Less poor

0.97 (0.85–1.01)

0.608

0.97 (0.84–1.10)

0.593

1.08 (1.13–8.99)

0.734

 Water source

Not covered

1

1

1

Covered

0.53 (0.12–2.40)

0.445

0.49 (0.11–2.26)

0.398

1.41 (0.10–160.42)

0.893

 Floor

Mud

1

1

1

Cemented

0.97 (0.22–4.31)

0.977

0.97 (0.22–4.31)

0.970

0.34 (0.00–42.88)

0.700

 Pit latrine

No

1

1

1

Yes

0.45 (0.19–1.08)

0.956

0.43 (0.18–1.05)

0.085

0.39 (0.03–5.73)

0.443

  Hookworm prevalence

<33

1

1

1

34–45

0.63 (0.23–1.72)

0.605

0.58 (0.21–1.61)

0.864

0.52 (0.06–4.94)

0.380

>45%

0.96 (0.42–2.17)

0.91 (0.40–2.06)

1.94 (0.26–14.32)

  Hookworm epg

6–35

1

1

1

44–90

1.91 (0.81–4.48)

0.203

1.77 (0.75–4.18)

0.278

3.34 (0.43–26.04)

102–453

0.98 (0.37–2.62)

0.97 (0.36–2.59)

1.04 (0.12–2.62)

0.187

  Latrine cleanliness

Clean

1

1

1

Dirty

0.40 (0.13–1.19)

1.77 (0.75–4.18)

0.127

0.74 (0.10–5.68)

Very dirty

1.27 (0.56–2.89)

0.110

0.97 (0.36–2.59)

4.32 (0.46–40.81)

0.341

  Children per latrine

<50:1

1

1

1

>50:1

1.06 (0.51–2.18)

0.873

1.07 (0.52–2.22)

0.848

0.76 (0.32–1.80)

0.528

 Elevation

1.00 (0.99–1.00)

0.300

1.00 (0.99–1.00)

0.344

1

 LST

0.73 (0.51–1.05)

0.101

1.09 (0.72–1.65)

0.670

0.75 (0.29–1.96)

0.564

 NDVI

0.47–0.53

1

1

1

0.54–0.57

0.82 (0.33–2.03)

0.442

0.89 (0.36–2.21)

0.833

0.48 (0.06–4.16)

0.289

0.58–0.67

1.20 (0.50–2.89)

1.15 (0.48–2.78)

1.78 (0.20–16.08)

 Distance from water bodies

1.08 (0.46–2.58)

0.854

1.10 (0.46–2.62)

0.831

0.60 (0.08–4.44)

0.615