Table 1 C4D intervention activities for various target populations in 9 provinces

Migrant children caregivers

Guangxi, Guizhou, Ningxia, Shaanxi

Communication house-to-house at specific time

Household publicity conducted during the spring festival when migrant workers came back home for family reunions.

Caregivers with low education

Gansu, Ningxia, Qinghai, Chongqing

Face-to-face communication and household publicity with inclusion of vaccination messages in items of daily use

Face-to-face communication for caregivers to understand vaccination. Placing messages in items of daily use (calendars, shopping bags) to increase the frequency of caregiver contact with immunization information.

Caregivers with religious belief

Ningxia, Tibet

Social mobilization from religious leaders

Religious leaders to mobilize followers for immunization program during gatherings or public activities.

Ethnic minority caregivers

Inner Mongolia, Tibet

Development of bilingual publicity materials

Creating material about immunization in both Mongolian and Chinese in Inner Mongolia and in both Tibetan and Chinese in Tibet.

Pregnant women

All 9 provinces

Talks and discussions for pregnant women

Conducting immunization talks for pregnant women at Women’s Homes or maternal and child health centers.

Left-behind children caregivers

Gansu, Ningxia, Qinghai, Chongqing

Peer education and face-to-face communication

One caregiver was chosen as a peer educator who learned about the benefits of vaccination through receiving training on immunization and spread vaccination knowledge among other caregivers of the left-behind children.

Caregivers in general

All 9 provinces

Kindergarten entry vaccination check

Publicity activities were carried out in kindergartens, with the help of education departments during the school entry check for vaccination status.