Fig. 3

Photographs of pertinent WASH intrastructures found at Barombi Mbo. a Gravity flow reservoir located 2 km away from the village. b Typical housing of Barombi Mbo with piped water stand nearby houshold grave [inset. Sandbox water filter for household drinking water]. c Village stand pipe for water; note open field drainage of water [inset. Several open drains from piped water coalesce in the center of the village and form an open drain, as yet not colonised by snails which are found downstream: B. forskalii are found at site A5 (see Fig. 4c)]. d Lakeshore canoe landing site where many B. truncatus were found often in discarded cut bamboo and plastic containers amongst the water lilies and aquatic vegetation