Fig. 2

Case-cluster map showing distribution of households of cholera case-patients during an outbreak in Kaiso Village, by SZ, water collection site and gulley channel. A gully channel opens into the lake near water collection site C. Open defecation was common along the gully channel due to a lack of pit latrines in 90% of the households and the entire village had one public latrine, which was not functional. Human faeces from the open defecation area are washed into the lake near site C through the gully channel when precipitation occurrs