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Table 2 Patient characteristics

From: Catastrophic total costs in tuberculosis-affected households and their determinants since Indonesia’s implementation of universal health coverage

Characteristics

TB (%)

MDR-TB (%)

Total

Urban

Suburban

Rural

Sex

n = 282

n = 95

n = 90

n = 97

n = 64

 Male

155

(55)

51

(54)

52

(58)

52

(54)

31

(48)

 Female

127

(45)

44

(46)

38

(42)

45

(46)

33

(52)

Age in years

          

 18–40

137

(49)

45

(47)

47

(52)

45

(46)

34

(53)

 41–64

123

(44)

44

(46)

38

(42)

41

(42)

29

(45)

  > 64

22

(8)

6

(6)

5

(6)

11

(11)

1

(2)

Educational level

          

 Low

99

(35)

25

(26)

18

(20)

56

(58)

12

(19)

 Intermediate

172

(61)

67

(71)

65

(72)

40

(41)

42

(65)

 High

11

(4)

3

(3)

7

(8)

1

(1)

10

(16)

Household income

          

 Poor

175

(62)

46

(48)

45

(50)

84

(87)

23

(36)

 Non-poor

107

(38)

49

(52)

45

(50)

13

(13)

41

(64)

Breadwinner

          

 Patient

124

(44)

48

(51)

38

(42)

38

(39)

25

(39)

 Not patient

158

(56)

47

(49)

52

(58)

59

(61)

39

(61)

Income-earning job

          

 Yes

201

(71)

73

(77)

61

(68)

67

(69)

49

(77)

 No

81

(29)

22

(23)

29

(32)

30

(31)

15

(23)

Job loss

          

 Job loss

64

(23)

17

(18)

18

(20)

29

(30)

34

(53)

 No job loss

218

(77)

78

(82)

72

(80)

68

(70)

30

(47)

Having health insurance

          

 Yes

176

(62)

73

(77)

63

(70)

40

(41)

56

(87)

 No

106

(38)

22

(23)

27

(30)

57

(59)

8

(13)

Insurance type

n = 176

n = 73

n = 63

n = 40

n = 56

 BPJS, (paid by governmenta)

119

(68)

52

(71)

33

(52)

34

(85)

24

(43)

 BPJS, (self-paidb)

53

(30)

19

(26)

28

(44)

6

(15)

32

(57)

 Private insurance

4

(2)

2

(3)

2

(3)

0

(0)

0

(0)

Monthly income

n = 201

n = 73

n = 61

n = 67

n = 49

 Paid regularly

90

(45)

32

(44)

39

(64)

19

(28)

34

(69)

 Uncertain

105

(52)

37

(51)

20

(33)

48

(72)

13

(27)

 Others

6

(3)

4

(5)

2

(3)

0

(0)

2

(4)

 

n = 282

n = 95

n = 90

n = 97

n = 64

Type of TB

          

 Pulmonary, smear +

186

(66)

70

(74)

62

(69)

54

(56)

64

(100)

 Pulmonary, smear -

80

(28)

23

(24)

24

(27)

33

(34)

0

(0)

 Pulmonary, smear unknown

16

(6)

2

(2)

4

(4)

10

(10)

0

(0)

Therapy phase

          

 Intensive phase

134

(48)

38

(40)

51

(57)

45

(46)

37

(58)

 Continuation phase

148

(52)

57

(60)

39

(43)

52

(54)

27

(42)

HIV status

          

 Positive

6

(2)

5

(5)

1

(1)

0

(0)

0

(0)

 Negative

92

(33)

51

(54)

17

(19)

24

(25)

32

(50)

 Not tested/unknown

184

(65)

39

(41)

72

(80)

73

(75)

32

(50)

Hospitalization

          

 Yes

39

(14)

11

(12)

13

(14)

15

(16)

34

(53)

 No

243

(86)

84

(88)

77

(86)

82

(84)

30

(47)

Previous TB treatment

          

 Yes

58

(21)

29

(31)

20

(22)

9

(9)

56

(87)

 No

224

(79)

66

(69)

70

(78)

88

(91)

8

(13)

Completed previous TB treatment

n = 58

 

n = 29

n = 20

n = 8

n = 56

 Yes

35

(61)

19

(65)

10

(50)

6

(75)

34

(61)

 No

22

(39)

10

(35)

10

(50)

2

(25)

22

(39)

First contact

          

 Public hospital

127

(45)

51

(54)

40

(44)

36

(37)

29

(45)

 Private hospital

94

(33)

26

(27)

26

(29)

42

(43)

2

(3)

 Primary health center

32

(11)

11

(12)

10

(11)

11

(11)

25

(39)

 Private clinic

20

(7)

4

(4)

13

(14)

3

(3)

8

(13)

 Other facility

9

(3)

3

(3)

1

(1)

5

(5)

0

(0)

  1. aTheir national public insurance (BPJS) premiums were paid by the government; bThey paid national public insurance (BPJS) premium out of their pocket