Table 1 Major zoonoses
From: Unmanned aerial vehicles: potential tools for use in zoonosis control
Disease | Pathogen | Major reservoir host | Major intermediate host | Major transmission route |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Angiostrongyliasis | Angiostrongylus cantonensis | Mice | Terrestrial and marine mollusks | Ingestion |
Anisakiasis | Anisakis spp. and Pseudoterranova spp. | Marine mammals | Fish | Ingestion |
Anthrax | Bacillus anthracis | Herbivores | - | Contact, inhalation, and ingestion |
Brucellosis | Brucella spp. | Herbivores, pigs, and dogs | - | Contact |
Campylobacter enteritis | Campylobacter spp. | Poultry and cattle | - | Ingestion |
Clonorchiasis | Clonorchis sinensis | Humans, cats, dogs, mice, and other animals | Freshwater snails(first), freshwater fish(second) | Ingestion |
Cryptosporidiosis | Cryptosporidium parvum | Humans, cattle, and other livestock | - | Ingestion |
Diarrhea caused by enterohemorrhagic strains | Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli | Cattle and humans | - | Ingestion |
Ebola-Marburg viral disease | Ebola virus and Marburg virus | Fruit bats | - | Contact |
Hydatid disease | Echinococcus spp. | Canines | Herbivores and rodents | Ingestion |
Ehrlichiosis | Ehrlichia spp. | Ruminants, rodents, and dogs | - | Tick bites |
Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease | Prion | Livestock | - | Ingestion |
Giardiasis | Giardia lamblia | Humans, beavers, and other animals | - | Ingestion |
Epidemic hemorrhagic fever | Hantaviruses | Rodents | - | Inhalation |
Hepatitis E | Hepatitis E virus | Primates | - | Ingestion |
Influenza | Influenza virus | Birds and humans | - | Inhalation |
Black fever | Several species of Leishmania spp. | Humans and canines | - | Sandfly bites |
Leptospirosis | Leptospira interrogans | Wild animals and livestock | - | Contact |
Listeriosis | Listeria monocytogenes | Environment and animals | - | Ingestion |
Lyme disease | Borrelia burgdorferi, B. garinii, and B. afzelii | Rodents | - | Tick bites |
Melioidosis | Burkholderia pseudomallei and Whitmore bacillus | Animals and environment | - | Contact, ingestion, or inhalation |
Paragonimiasis | Paragonimus spp. | Humans, dogs, cats, pigs, and carnivores | Freshwater snails (first), crustaceans (second) | Ingestion |
Plague | Yersinia pestis | Rodents | - | Flea bites and inhalation |
Psittacosis | Chlamydia psittaci | Birds | - | Inhalation |
Q fever | Coxiella burnetii | Mammals, birds, and ticks | - | Inhalation |
Rabies | Rabies virus | Canines | - | Biting or scratching |
Salmonellosis | Salmonella spp. | Animals | - | Ingestion |
Schistosomiasis | Schistosoma spp. | Animals | Snails | Contact with contaminated water |
Taeniasis | Taenia solium and T. saginata | Humans | Cattle and pigs | Ingestion |
Tetanus | Clostridium tetani | Animals | - | Wound contact |
Toxoplasmosis | Toxoplasma gondii | Cats and other felines | Sheep, goats, rodents, pigs, cattle, chickens, and birds | Ingestion |
Trichinellosis | Trichinella spp. | Animals | - | Ingestion |
Tularemia | Francisella tularensis | Rodents | - | Arthropod bites, contact, ingestion, and inhalation |
Endemic typhus | Rickettsia typhi | Small rodents such as mice | - | Contact with flea feces |
Yersiniosis | Yersinia enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis | Animals | - | Ingestion and contact |
Skin fungal disease | Microsporum spp. and Trichophyton spp. | Animals | - | Contact |
Hookworm disease | Three species of Ancylostoma spp. and Necator americanus | Humans, cats, dogs | - | Contact |
Tuberculosis | Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. africanum, and M. bovis | Mammals such as humans and cattle | - | Inhalation and ingestion |
Japanese encephalitis B | Japanese encephalitis virus | Mosquitos, mammals, and birds | - | Mosquito bites |