Skip to main content

Table 5 Independent association of single infections with DM compared to non-DM, with and without adjustment for BMI and physical inactivity in all participants (N = 892a)

From: Association between helminth infections and diabetes mellitus in adults from the Lao People’s Democratic Republic: a cross-sectional study

DM status compared to Normalb

OR c

95% CI

P-value

OR d

95% CI

P-value

Hookworm

0.79

0.36–1.72

0.56

0.94

0.42-2.10

0.88

Opisthorchis viverrini

0.76

0.52–1.10

0.15

0.87

0.58–1.28

0.46

Minute intestinal flukes

1.38

0.68–2.78

0.37

1.20

0.57–2.52

0.63

Strongyloides stercoralis

0.65

0.19–2.30

0.51

0.65

0.15–2.72

0.55

Trichuris trichiura

1.00

Omitted

 

1.00

Omitted

 

Taenia spp.

2.59

0.98–6.87

0.06

2.98

1.10–8.05

0.03

Study sites(Vientiane as reference)

Lung Prabang

0.75

0.47–1.20

0.24

0.80

0.48–1.31

0.37

Saravane

0.74

0.47–1.28

0.32

0.89

0.52–1.51

0.66

Champasack

0.76

0.48–1.20

0.24

0.85

0.52–1.39

0.53

Socio-economic status(Poorest as reference)

Second least poorest

1.51

1.00–2.27

0.04

1.30

0.84–1.99

0.24

Least poorest

2.16

1.42–3.31

< 0.001

1.70

1.08–2.67

0.02

Age

1.05

1.04–1.07

< 0.001

1.05

1.04–1.08

< 0.001

Gender (Male)

1.64

1.05–2.56

0.03

1.42

0.89–2.27

0.14

Education(Illiterate as reference)

Primary

0.92

0.57–1.47

0.72

0.71

0.43–1.18

0.19

Secondary

0.85

0.49–1.45

0.55

0.69

0.39–1.21

0.20

Ever smokers

1.53

1.01–2.32

0.04

1.89

1.22–2.92

0.004

Ever alcohol drinkers

0.54

0.38–0.76

< 0.001

0.48

0.33–1.03

< 0.001

Hb concentration

1.02

1.01–1.03

< 0.001

1.02

1.01–1.03

0.002

+ BMI

–

–

–

1.20

1.15–1.25

< 0.001

+ Physical activity

–

–

–

1.19

0.76–1.87

0.45

  1. aSubjects with pre-DM and participants self-reporting a physician diagnosis of DM and intake of DM medication and with other rare types of infections were excluded from this analysis
  2. bCategorization based on a positive self-report of DM diagnosis and otherwise based on the HbA1c concentrations
  3. cMutually adjusted for variables listed
  4. dAdditionally adjusted for BMI and physical inactivity
  5. CI Confidence interval, OR Odd ratio, BMI Body mass index, DM Diabetes mellitus
Back to article page