Table 2 Summary statistics of HBV and HCV infections prevalence among pregnant women in Africa
Prevalence, (95% CI) | 95% Predictive interval | N studies | N participants | H (95% CI) | I2 (95% CI) | P heterogeneity | P egger | P difference | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hepatitis B | |||||||||
- Overall | 6.8 (6.1–7.6) | 0.9–17.5 | 113 | 104 983 | 4.8 (4.6–5.1) | 95.7 (95.2–96.1) | < 0.0001 | 0.0007 | – |
- Low risk of bias | 7.0 (6.1–7.8) | 0.9–17.9 | 94 | 79 592 | 5.7 (5.4–6.0) | 96.9 (96.5–97.2) | < 0.0001 | 0.008 | – |
- HIV excluded | 7.0 (6.2–7.9) | 0.9–17.8 | 103 | 85 432 | 5.5 (5.3–5.8) | 96.7 (96.4–97.1) | < 0.0001 | 0.007 | – |
- Antigen HBe in HBV positive | 19.0 (14.6–23.8) | 1.6–49.1 | 38 | 1891 | 2.4 (2.1–2.7) | 82.4 (76.6–86.8) | < 0.0001 | 0.146 | – |
By region | |||||||||
- Central | 9.7 (6.2–13.9) | 0.4–28.4 | 10 | 12 458 | 5.8 (4.9–6.8) | 97.0 (95.9–97.8) | < 0.0001 | 0.088 | < 0.0001 |
- Western | 8.3 (7.1–9.5) | 1.4–19.8 | 62 | 46 520 | 4.5 (4.2–4.9) | 95.1 (94.3–95.8) | < 0.0001 | 0.026 | |
- Eastern | 5.5 (4.4–6.7) | 1.4–11.9 | 24 | 24 195 | 2.7 (2.2–3.2) | 86.0 (80.1–90.2) | < 0.0001 | 0.063 | |
- Southern | 3.8 (2.0–6.0) | 0.0–13.6 | 7 | 7253 | 4.2 (3.2–5.4) | 94.2 (90.5–96.5) | < 0.0001 | 0.334 | |
- Northern | 2.8 (2.0–3.7) | 0.5–6.6 | 10 | 14 557 | 3.0 (2.3–3.8) | 88.9 (81.6–93.3) | < 0.0001 | 0.877 | |
By area | |||||||||
- Rural | 12.2 (9.7–14.8) | 4.2–23.1 | 12 | 9768 | 3.1 (2.5–3.8) | 89.4 (83.5–93.2) | < 0.0001 | 0.722 | < 0.0001 |
- Urban | 6.0 (4.5–7.7) | 0.5–16.4 | 25 | 16 833 | 4.0 (3.6–4.6) | 93.9 (92.2–95.3) | < 0.0001 | 0.0008 | |
- Both | 6.4 (5.6–7.2) | 1.3–14.6 | 76 | 78 382 | 4.3 (4.0–4.6) | 94.5 (93.6–95.2) | < 0.0001 | 0.0004 | |
Hepatitis C | |||||||||
- Overall | 3.4 (2.6–4.4) | 0.0–12.8 | 58 | 121 224 | 7.1 (6.7–7.5) | 98.0 (97.8–98.2) | < 0.0001 | 0.0002 | – |
- Low risk of bias | 3.2 (2.4–4.0) | 0.0–11.0 | 49 | 111 134 | 6.5 (6.0–6.9) | 97.6 (97.3–97.9) | < 0.0001 | 0.0003 | – |
- HIV excluded | 3.5 (2.6–4.5) | 0.0–13.3 | 54 | 115 050 | 7.2 (6.8–7.7) | 98.1 (97.9–98.3) | < 0.0001 | 0.0003 | – |
- Detectable HCV viral load in HCV positive | 62.3 (51.6–72.5) | 6.5–100.0 | 19 | 1897 | 5.8 (5.2–6.6) | 97.1 (96.3–97.7) | < 0.0001 | 0.742 | – |
By regions | |||||||||
- Northern | 4.6 (2.3–7.7) | 0.0–22.9 | 15 | 77 119 | 13.0 (12.0–14.1) | 99.4 (99.3–99.5) | < 0.0001 | 0.012 | 0.269 |
- Western | 3.3 (2.6–4.1) | 0.6–7.8 | 30 | 18 536 | 2.4 (2.0–2.8) | 82.6 (76.2–87.3) | < 0.0001 | 0221 | |
- Central | 2.7 (1.7–4.1) | 0.2–8.0 | 7 | 9367 | 2.8 (2.1–3.9) | 87.7 (77.1–93.4) | < 0.0001 | 0.190 | |
- Eastern | 2.1 (1.0–3.6) | 0.0–8.9 | 6 | 16 202 | 3.3 (2.5–4.4) | 90.8 (83.6–94.8) | < 0.0001 | 0.734 | |
- Southern | NA | NA | 0 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
By area | |||||||||
- Rural | 5.0 (1.5–10.2) | 0.0–30.8 | 7 | 10 813 | 9.0 (7.7–10.5) | 98.8 (98.3–99.1) | < 0.0001 | 0.801 | 0.695 |
- Urban | 3.3 (2.0–4.9) | 0.0–13.9 | 22 | 80 909 | 8.3 (7.6–9.0) | 98.5 (98.3–98.8) | < 0.0001 | 0.004 | |
- Both | 3.2 (2.4–4.1) | 0.2–9.0 | 29 | 29 502 | 3.5 (3.0–3.9) | 91.7 (89.2–93.6) | < 0.0001 | 0.342 | |