Molluscicidal effectiveness of Luo-Wei, a novel plant-derived molluscicide, against Oncomelania hupensis, Biomphalaria alexandrina and Bulinus truncatus

Table 1 Molluscicidal activity of 4% TDS against Oncomelania hupensis, Biomphalaria alexandrina and Bulinus truncatus by the immersion test in the laboratory

Snail species	Time (h)	N ^a	n	Slope ± SE	χ ^{2 b}	LC₅₀ (95% CI)	LCR₅₀ (95% CI)^c
Oncomelania hupensis	24	9	270	3.522 ± 0.445	4.290	0.701 (0.581, 0.842)	Reference
	48	9	270	4.730 ± 0.675	5.073	0.371 (0.315, 0.436)	1.891 (1.484, 2.411)
	72	9	270	5.514 ± 0.868	2.097	0.330 (0.284, 0.385)	2.125 (1.680, 2.687)
Biomphalaria alexandrina	24	9	270	8.043 ± 0.910	4.576	1.975 (1.868, 2.092)	0.355 (0.293, 0.430)
Bulinus truncatus	24	9	270	9.014 ± 0.929	4.154	1.396 (1.312, 1.477)	0.502 (0.414, 0.609)

^aN, number of dose groups (excluding control); ^b Goodness of fit tested by chi-square, all P values were more than 0.5 (degrees of freedom were 7); ^c LCR₅₀, lethal concentration ratio at 50% response level (compared with LC₅₀ of O. hupensis at 24 h exposure, LC_{O. h}/LC_{B. a} or LC_{B. t.}). If the 95% confidence interval of LCR₅₀ includes 1, then the LC₅₀s are not significantly different

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