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Table 1 Studies investigating the prevalence of strongyloidiasis in different populations across Ethiopia

From: Strongyloidiasis in Ethiopia: systematic review on risk factors, diagnosis, prevalence and clinical outcomes

No.

Prevalence

Population

Detection method

Location

Reference

Parasitological

Immunological/Molecular

1

1.9% total

2.8% in males; 0.9% in females

3.2% in farmers

427 patients 15 years and above who were requested for stool examination in Adwa Health Center from March 2013 to December 2015.

Stool examination (wet mount and Kato-Katz microscopy techniques)

NA

Adwa, Northern Ethiopia

[17, 18]

2

4.8% (stool)

16.5% (serology)

315 Ethiopian children adopted in Belgium 2008–2014

Stool examination

Serology (IgG antibodies)

Unknown

[19]

3

12.3% total

17.3% HIV positive

3.2% in HIV negative

351 subjects (226 HIV positive and 125 HIV negative)

Stool examination (agar plate culture and Baermann's method)

NA

Addis Ababa, Central Ethiopia

[20]

4

0.7%

408 schoolchildren

Stool examination (formalin-ether concentration microscopy technique)

NA

Zegie Peninsula, North Western Ethiopia

[21]

5

3.6%

223 HIV/AIDS clients at the University of Gondar Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia.

Stool examination (wet mount and formalin-ether concentration and Ziehl-Neelson staining microscopy techniques)

NA

Gondar Hospital, North Western Ethiopia

[22]

6

1.5%

323 HIV infected participants on HAART

Stool examination (formalin-ether concentration microscopy technique)

NA

Butajira Hospital, Southern Ethiopia

[23]

7

0.94

213 pulmonary TB patients

Stool examination (formalin-ether concentration microscopy technique)

NA

Arba Minch, South Western Ethiopia

[17]

8

1.6 %

384 pregnant women

Stool examination (formalin-ether concentration microscopy technique)

NA

Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital, Northern Ethiopia

[24]

9

20.7% (3.5% by stool, 12.1% by Baermann and 13.4% by PCR)

396 primary school children aged 13–14

Stool examination (stool examination (formalin-ether concentration and Baermann microscopy technique)

PCR using S. stercoralis-specific primers targeting the 18S ribosomal subunit, as described by Verweij et al. [25]

Rural highland of North Western Ethiopia

[26, 27]

10

20.6%

605 Ethiopian refugee children in USA 2006–2012

NA

Serology (antibody information not provided)

Unknown

[28]

11

1.9%

277 children under 5 suspect with IP at University of Gondar hospital

Stool examination (wet mount and formalin-ether concentration microscopy techniques)

NA

Gondar, North Western Ethiopia

[29]

12

1.1%

Anbesame Health Center from March to June 2015. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 464 study participants selected consecutively

Stool examination (formalin-ether concentration microscopy technique)

NA

Dera district, Gondar, North Western Ethiopia

[30]

13

2.5% in HARRT initiated and 6.9% in HARRT Naïve

180 pediatric HIV/AIDS patients

Stool examination (formalin-ether concentration microscopy technique)

NA

Addis Ababa, Central Ethiopia

[31]

14

5.6% in prisoner and 1.7 in tobacco farm

236 Prison inmates and tobacco farm workers

Stool examination (formalin-ether concentration microscopy technique)

NA

Shewa Robit, Central Ethiopia

[32]

15

0.2% in female and 0.3% in male

32,191 patients who presented with diarrhea 2007–2012 in Gambo Rural Hospital

Stool examination (direct microscopy using saline smear mount and Lugol’s iodine staining)

NA

Gambo, West Arsi Province, Southern Ethiopia

[33]

16

3.47% total

5.1% in rural

2% in urban

778 primary school children age 7–14

Stool examination (Kato-Katz and formalin-ether concentration microscopy technique)

NA

Bahir Dar, North Western Ethiopia

[34]

17

5.9% total

11.1% in low land

0% in highland

464 members of a lowland communities (Lante and Kolla Shelle)

403 members of highland communities (Dorze and Geressie)

Stool examination (wet mount and formalin-ether concentration microscopy technique)

NA

Gamo, Southern Ethiopia

[35]

18

0.5%

200 food handlers working in University of Gondar student cafeterias.

Stool examination (formalin-ether concentration, sedimentation or smear mount in saline microscopy techniques)

NA

Gondar University, North Western Ethiopia

[36]

19

3.10%

384 consecutive diarrheal patients who visited Gondar Teaching Hospital

Stool examination (direct microscopy)

NA

Gondar, North Western Ethiopia

[37]

20

0.69%

288 under-five children

Stool examination (Kato-Katz and formalin-ether concentration microscopy technique)

NA

Shesha Kebkele, Wondo Genet, Southern Ethiopia

[38]

21

0.30%

386 Primary school children 7–18 years old

Stool examination (formalin-ether concentration microscopy technique)

NA

Adwa, Northern Ethiopia

[39]

22

2.86%

300 food handlers

Stool examination (formalin–ether concentration microscopy technique)

NA

Bahir Dar, North Western Ethiopia

[40]

23

12.0% in HIV positive

2.1% in HIV negative

384 individual (192 HIV positive and 192 HIV negative) Yirgalem Hospital

Stool examination (saline smear mount, the formalin-ether concentration or water emergence microscopy techniques)

NA

Yirgalem Hospital, Southern Ethiopia

[41]

24

1%

401 healthy individuals

Stool examination (formalin-ether concentration microscopy technique)

NA

Kara and Kwego tribes, Lower Omo River Valley, South Western Ethiopia

[42]

25

7.4% total

12.6% in HIV positive 0.6% in HIV negative

378 consecutive participants Hawassa Teaching and Referral Hospital (214 HIV positive and 164 HIV negative)

Stool examination (formalin-ether concentration microscopy technique)

NA

Hawassa Teaching and Referral Hospital, Central Ethiopia

[43]

26

5.5%

127 food handlers

Stool examination (formalin-ether concentration microscopy technique)

NA

Gondar, North Western Ethiopia

[44]

27

11.5% HIV/AIDS positive

1.8% HIV

0% in HIV negative

160 subjects from Jimma Hospital, Mother Theresa Missionary Charity Centre, Medan Acts Projects, Mekdim HIV Positive Persons and AIDS Orphans National Association. (52 HIV/AIDS positive, 57 HIV positive health carrier and 51 HIV negative individuals)

Stool examination (formalin-ether concentration microscopy technique)

NA

Jimma, South Western Ethiopia

[45]

  1. AIDS Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, HAART Highly active antiretroviral therapy, HIV Human immunodeficiency virus, HTLV-1 Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1, IP Intestinal parasite, NA Not applicable, PCR Polymerase chain reaction, TB Tuberculosis