Skip to main content

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of 1341 children enrolled in the efficacy study

From: Declining responsiveness of childhood Plasmodium falciparum infections to artemisinin-based combination treatments ten years following deployment as first-line antimalarials in Nigeria

Variables

All treatments

P value

Artemether-lumefantrine

P value

Artesunate-amodiaquine

P value

2009–2010

(n = 743)

2014–2015

(n = 598)

All

(n = 1341)

2009–2010

(n = 360)

2014–2015

(n = 303)

2009–2010

(n = 383)

2014–2015

(n = 295)

Male∶Female

414∶329

312∶286

726∶615

0.22

201∶159

159∶144

0.43

213∶170

153∶142

0.39

Age (month)

 Mean

36.3

39.8

37.8

<  0.0001

36

40.5

0.001

36.5

39

0.04

 95% CI

35.1–37.4

38.4–41.1

37–38.7

 

34.2–37.8

38.6–42.3

 

35–38.1

37.2–40.9

 

 Number ≤ 24 months (%)

237 (31.9)

141 (23.6)

378 (28.2)

0.001

123 (34.2)

68 (22.4)

0.001

114 (29.8)

73 (24.7)

0.18

Weight (kg)

 Mean

13.3

13.5

13.4

0.56

13.2

13.5

0.34

13.5

13.4

0.89

 95% CI

13–13.6

13.1–14

13.2–13.6

 

12.7–13.7

13–14

 

13.1–13.9

13–14

 

Temperature (°C)

 Mean

38

37.8

37.9

0.005

38

37.9

0.12

38

37.8

0.02

 95% CI

37.9–38.1

37.7–37.9

37.9–38

 

37.9–38.1

37.8–38

 

37.9–38

37.6–37.9

 

 Number with

   ≥ 37.5 °C (%)

556 (74.8)

377 (64)

933 (69.6)

<  0.0001

267 (74.2)

195 (64.4)

0.008

289 (75.5)

182 (64.4)

<  0.0001

   ≥ 40 °C (%)

25 (3.4)

53 (8.9)

78 (5.8)

<  0.0001

13 (3.6)

22 (7.3)

0.06

12 (3.1)

31 (7.3)

<  0.0001

Haematocrit (%)

 Mean

29.8

30.4

30.1

0.04

29.7

30.3

0.11

29.9

30.5

0.17

 95% CI

29.4–30.2

30–30.8

29.8–30.4

 

29.1–30.2

30–30.8

 

29.4–30.5

29.9–31.1

 

 Number with anaemia (%)

294 (39.6)

233 (39)

527 (39.3)

0.15

142 (39.4)

120(39.6)

0.43

152 (39.7)

113 (39.6)

0.24

  (i) Mild (%)

258 (34.7)

216 (36.1)

474 (35.3)

0.64

124 (34.4)

110 (36.3)

0.68

134 (35)

106 (36.3)

0.84

  (ii) Moderate (%)

34 (4.6)

16 (2.7)

50 (3.7)

0.09

18 (5)

10 (3.3)

0.37

16 (4.2)

6 (3.3)

0.18

  (iii) Severe (%)

2 (0.3)

1 (0.2)

3 (0.2)

1.0

0 (0)

0 (0)

–

2 (0.5)

1 (0)

1.0

Parasitaemia (μl−1)

 Geometric mean

14 733

15 887

15 237

0.4

15 169

16 250

0.65

14 337

15 519

0.48

 95% CI

13 108–16 239

14 211–17 760

14 050–16 403

 

12 993–17 710

13 938–18

 

12 201–16 413

13 200–18 244

 

  > 100 000 μl− 1 (%)

71 (9.6)

60 (10)

131 (9.8)

0.83

37 (10.3)

956 30 (9.9)

0.95

34 (8.9)

30 (10.2)

0.65

 Gametocytaemia (%)

159 (21.4)

29 (4.8)

188 (14)

<  0.0001

82 (22.8)

9 (3)

<  0.0001

77 (20.1)

20 (6.8)

<  0.0001