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Table 4 Predictors of residual asexual parasitaemia 2 days post-initiation of artemisinin-based combination treatments in acutely malarious children

From: Declining responsiveness of childhood Plasmodium falciparum infections to artemisinin-based combination treatments ten years following deployment as first-line antimalarials in Nigeria

Variable

Total number

Number with APPD2

OR (95% CI)

P value

aOR (95% CI)

P value

Gender

 Female

615

92

1

   

 Male

726

99

0.9 (0.7–1.2)

0.54

–

–

Age [month]

  > 24

963

138

1

   

  ≤ 24

378

53

1.0 (0.7–1.4)

0.95

–

–

Temperature at presentation (°C)

  ≤ 40

1263

172

1

   

  > 40

78

19

2.0 (1.2–3.5)

0.01

1.0 (0.5–1.9)

0.97

Fever on day 1

 Absent

1189

152

1

   

 Present

132

32

2.2 (1.4–3.4)

0.001

1.8 (1.1–3.2)

0.03

Haematocrit at presentation (%)

  < 30

728

115

1

   

  ≥ 30

526

65

0.8 (0.5–1.0)

0.1

–

–

Haematocrit on day 1 (%)

  ≤ 29

405

58

1

 

1

 

  > 29

510

102

1.5 (1.1–2.1)

0.01

1.7 (1.1–2.5)

0.01

Enrolment Parasitaemia (μl−1)

  ≤ 100 000

1211

162

1

 

1

 

  > 100 000

130

29

1.9 (1.2–2.9)

0.008

1.4 (0.8–2.5)

0.22

Parasitaemia on day 1

 Absent

573

19

1

 

1

 

 Present

768

172

8.4 (5.2–13.7)

<  0.0001

9.3 (5.2–16.6)

<  0.0001

Gametocytaemia

 Present

188

13

1

   

 Absent

1029

178

2.8 (1.6–5.1)

<  0.0001

1.4 (0.5–3.5)

0.53

Drug treatment

 AA

678

87

1

   

 AL

663

104

1.3 (0.9–1.7)

0.16

–

–

Period of enrolment

 2009–2010

743

38

1

   

 2014–2015

598

153

6.4 (4.4–9.3)

<  0.0001

3.0 (1.7–5.1)

<  0.0001

  1. APPD2 Asexual parasite positivity 2 days post-treatment initiation, OR Odd ratio, aOR Adjusted odd ratio, CI Confidence interval, AL Artemether-lumefantrine, AA Artesunate-amodiaquine