Table 3 Environmental variables across habitat types. Mean values and range
Variable | River/stream n = 100 | Wetland n = 10 | Lake n = 10 | Dam n = 5 | Irrigation canal n = 5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Water temperature (°C) | 23.9 (18.9–33.8) | 27.4 (21.6–33.8) | 28.4 (25.7–34.7) | 26.4 (23.7–31.3) | 25.7 (25.5–25.8) |
pH | 7.2 (5.3–9.1) | 7.3 (76.5–9.1) | 7.9 (6.8–9.3) | 6.6 (5.9–7.1) | 7.6 (7.4–7.8) |
DO saturation (%) | 61.0 (33.0–90.0) | 63.0 (33.2–90.0) | 98.9 (39.2–376.0) | 61.4 (55.3–66.8) | 62.0 (60.0–65.0) |
EC (μS/cm) | 181 (42–549) | 159 (74–327) | 225 (63–391) | 116 (107–131) | 231 (229–233) |
Turbidity | 62.7 (3.7–545.0) | 53.5 (14.6–171.0) | 227.0 (3.5–66.2) | 246.0 (89.0–297.0) | 62.6 (53.0–77.0) |
PO43− (mg/L) | 0.30 (0.00–2.12) | 0.40 (0.01–1.30) | 0.12 (0.01–0.53) | 0.09 (0.00–0.15) | 0.75 (0.57–0.87) |
Hardness (mg/L) | 40 (12–112) | 30 (12–92) | 51 (16–86) | 20 (16–26) | 76 (72–78) |
Nitrate | 1.70 (0.00–41.00) | 0.98 (0.00–3.70) | 0.60 (0.00–2.26) | 1.50 (0.00–4.70) | 1.7 0 (0.96–2.20) |
BOD5 (mg/L) | 13.6 (2.0–65.0) | 14.5 (7.0–24.0) | 16.0 (18.0–32.0) | 11.0 (9.0–14.0) | 37.0 (12.0–84.0) |
% Pool | 57 (0–100) | 100 (100–100) | 100 (100–100) | 100 (100–100) | 61 (20–95) |
% Riffle | 43 (0–100) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 39 (5–80) |
Grazing | 2 (1–3) | 3 (2–3) | 1 (1–3) | 1 (1–2) | 2 (1–3) |
Farming | 2 (1–3) | 3 (2–3) | 1 (1–2) | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–3) |
Open Defecation | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–3) |
Fishing | 1 (1–3) | 2 (1–3) | 1 (1–3) | 3 (2–3) | 1 (1–1) |
Washing | 2 (1–3) | 3 (2–3) | 1 (1–3) | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–3) |
Bathing | 1 (1–3) | 2 (2–3) | 1 (1–3) | 2 (1–3) | 1 (1–2) |
Swimming | 1 (1–3) | 2 (1–3) | 1 (1–3) | 2 (1–3) | 1 (1–1) |