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Table 2 Sensitivity, NPV with CI and Kappa statistic of the different diagnostic tests used at baseline. Serum-based real-time PCR and/or Kato-Katz results were used as “gold standard”

From: Evaluation of serum-based real-time PCR to detect Schistosoma mansoni infection before and after treatment

Test method

Sensitivity (95% CI)

NPV (95% CI)

Kappa (P)

Microscopy (Kato-Katz)

44.4% (25.5–64.7)

34.8% (16.4–57.3)

0.268 (P = 0.02)

POC-CCA

77.8% (57.7–91.4)

53.9% (25.1–80.8)

0.535 (P < 0.001)

Serum-based real-time PCR

96.3% (81.0–99.9)

88.9% (51.8–99.7)

0.922 (P < 0.001)

Urine-based real-time PCR

33.3% (16.5–54.0)

28% (12.2–49.4)

0.119 (P = 0.25)

  1. PCR Polymerase chain reaction; POC-CCA Point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen; NPV Negative predicted value; CI Confidence intervals