Table 1 Socio-demographic, clinical and operational characteristics of concomitant TB cases found in clusters in Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil (2009–2018)
| Variables |
Spatial Cluster 1 n = 58, n (%) |
Spatial Cluster 2 n = 77, n (%) |
Temporal Trend Cluster 1 n = 15, n (%) |
Temporal Trend Cluster 2 n = 11, n (%) |
Temporal Trend Cluster 3 n = 26, n (%) |
Spatio-temporal Cluster 1 n = 58, n (%) |
All cases n = 873, n (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Socio-demographics | |||||||
| Age | |||||||
| 0–14 years |
2 (3.4) |
2 (2.6) | – |
1 (9.1) | – | – |
19 (1.9) |
| 15–30 years |
19 (32.8) |
25 (32.5) |
4 (26.7) |
3 (27.3) |
13 (50.0) |
19 (32.8) |
307 (35.3) |
| 31–59 years |
32 (55.2) |
49 (63.6) |
9 (60.0) |
6 (54.5) |
12 (46.2) |
38 (65.5) |
483 (55.3) |
| ≥ 60 years |
5 (8.6) |
1 (1.3) |
2 (13.3) |
1 (9.1) |
1 (3.8) |
1 (1.7) |
64 (7.4) |
| Gender | |||||||
| Male |
16 (72.4) |
54 (70.1) |
10 (66.7) |
11 (100.0) |
20 (76.9) |
40 (69.0) |
618 (70.8) |
| Female |
42 (27.6) |
23 (29.9) |
5 (33.3) | – |
6 (23.1) |
18 (31.0) |
255 (29.2) |
| Race/color | |||||||
| Yellow | – | – | – | – | – | – |
04 (0.5) |
| White |
9 (15.5) |
7 (9.1) |
2 (13.3) | – |
3 (11.5) |
6 (10.3) |
96 (11.0) |
| Brown |
47 (81.0) |
67 (87.0) |
13 (86.7) |
11 (100.0) |
23 (88.5) |
50 (86.2) |
739 (84.7) |
| Black | – |
2 (2.6) | – | – | – |
2 (3.4) |
19 (2.2) |
| Indigenous |
1 (1.7) |
1 (1.3) | – | – | – | – |
05 (0.6) |
| Ignored |
1 (1.7) | – | – | – | – | – |
10 (1.1) |
| Education | |||||||
| Illiterate | – | – | – | – | – | – |
23 (2.6) |
| Primary |
18 (31.1) |
24 (31.2) |
4 (26.6) |
1 (9.1) |
5 (19.2) |
19 (32.8) |
299 (34.2) |
| Incomplete high school |
3 (5.2) |
10 (13.0) |
1 (6.7) |
1 (9.1) |
5 (19.2) |
6 (10.3) |
89 (10.2) |
| Complete high school |
25 (43.1) |
27 (35.1) |
9 (60.0) |
5 (45.5) |
12 (46.2) |
24 (41.4) |
254 (29.1) |
| Incomplete undergraduate |
3 (5.2) |
4 (5.2) | – | – |
1 (3.8) |
1 (1.7) |
37 (4.2) |
| Complete undergraduate |
3 (5.2) |
2 (2.6) | – |
2 (18.2) |
3 (11.5) |
1 (1.7) |
30 (3.4) |
| Ignored |
6 (10.3) |
10 (13.0) |
1 (6.7) |
2 (18.2) | – | – |
141 (16.2) |
| Profession/Employment | |||||||
| Unemployed |
3 (3.9) |
9 (11.7) |
1 (6.5) | – |
1 (3.9) |
6 (10.4) |
18 (2.0) |
| Formal Work |
4 (5.4) |
5 (6.5) |
3 (20.1) | – |
1 (3.9) |
2 (3.4) |
47 (5.4) |
| Informal Work |
10 (17.0) |
10 (13.0) |
3 (20.1) | – |
3 (11.4) |
6 (10.3) |
156 (17.9) |
| Ignored |
41 (70.7) |
53 (68.8) |
8 (53.3) |
11 (100.0) |
21 (80.8) |
44 (75.9) |
652 (74.7) |
| Beneficiary cash transfer programs | |||||||
| No |
20 (34.5) |
29 (37.7) |
2 (13.3) |
10 (9.1) |
19 (73.1) |
28 (48.3) |
421 (48.2) |
| Yes |
1 (1.7) |
5 (6.5) | – | – | – |
4 (6.9) |
25 (2.9) |
| Ignored |
37 (63.8) |
43 (55.8) |
13 (86.7) |
1 (90.9) |
7 (26.9) |
26 (44.8) |
427 (48.9) |
| Clinical-operational | |||||||
| Type of case | |||||||
| New |
56 (96.6) |
69 (89.6) |
15 (100.0) |
10 (90.9) |
25 (96.2) |
52 (89.7) |
808 (92.6) |
| Relapse |
1 (1.7) |
4 (5.2) | – |
1 (9.1) | – |
5 (8.6) |
30 (3.4) |
| Retreatment | – |
3 (3.9) | – | – | – |
1 (1.7) |
15 (1.7) |
| Ignored\others |
1 (1.7) |
1 (1.3) | – | – |
1 (3.8) | – |
02 (0.2) |
| Outcome | |||||||
| Abandonment |
5 (8.6) |
11 (14.3) |
2 (13.3) | – | (7.7) |
7 (12.1) |
02 (0.2) |
| Cure |
37 (63.8) |
39 (50.6) |
7 (46.7) |
6 (54.5) | (57.7) |
28 (48.3) |
469 (53.7) |
| Bankruptcy/Resistance |
2 (3.4) |
4 (5.2) | – | – | (3.8) |
6 (10.3) |
50 (5.7) |
| Diagnostic Change |
1 (1.7) |
4 (5.2) |
1 (6.7) | – | (3.8) |
2 (3.4) |
34 (3.9) |
| Death from other causes |
6 (10.3) |
9 (11.7) |
2 (13.3) |
2 (18.2) | (11.5) |
8 (13.8) |
44 (5.0) |
| Death with TB as a basic cause |
4 (6.9) |
6 (7.8) |
3 (20.0) | – | (3.8) |
2 (3.4) |
100 (11.5) |
| State/country Transfer |
2 (3.4) | – | – |
1 (9.1) | – | – |
127 (14.5) |
| Ignored |
1 (1.7) |
4 (5.2) | – |
2 (18.2) | (11.5) |
5 (8.6) |
47 (5.4) |
| TB-HIV co-infection | |||||||
| No |
21 (36.2) |
28 (36.4) |
6 (40.0) |
1 (9.1) |
9 (34.6) |
18 (31.0) |
214 (24.5) |
| Yes |
36 (62.1) |
49 (63.6) |
8 (53.3) |
9 (81.8) |
17 (65.5) |
40 (69.0) |
540 (61.9) |
| Test not performed | – | – | – | – | – | – |
103 (11.7) |
| Ignored |
1 (1.7) | – |
1 (6.7) |
1 (9.1) | – | – |
16 (1.9) |
| TB-diabetes comorbidity | |||||||
| No |
53 (91.4) |
74 (96.1) |
14 (93.3) |
9 (81.8) |
23 (88.5) |
56 (96.6) |
819 (93.8) |
| Yes |
4 (6.9) |
3 (3.9) |
1 (6.7) |
1 (9.1) |
3 (11.5) |
2 (3.4) |
37 (4.2) |
| Ignored |
1 (1.7) | – | – |
1 (9.1) | – | – |
17 (1.9) |
| Alcoholism | |||||||
| No |
48 (82.8) |
60 (77.9) |
12 (80.0) |
9 (81.8) |
19 (73.1) |
42 (72.4) |
704 (80.6) |
| Yes |
7 (12.1) |
15 (19.5) |
2 (13.3) |
1 (9.1) |
7 (26.9) |
14 (24.1) |
140 (16.0) |
| Ignored |
3 (5.2) |
2 (2.6) |
1 (6.7) |
1 (9.1) | – |
2 (3.4) |
29 (3.3) |
| Drug addiction | |||||||
| No |
18 (31.0) |
22 (28.6) |
3 (20.0) |
3 (27.3) |
9 (34.6) |
18 (31.0) |
401 (45.9) |
| Yes |
2 (65.5) |
7 (9.1) |
1 (6.7) |
1 (9.1) |
1 (3.8) |
3 (5.2) |
65 (7.4) |
| Ignored |
38 (3.4) |
48 (62.3) |
11 (73.3) |
7 (63.6) |
16 (61.5) |
37 (63.8) |
407 (46.6) |
| Smoking | |||||||
| No |
16 (25.6) |
25 (62.3) |
2 (13.3) |
3 (27.3) |
10 (38.5) |
20 (34.5) |
388 (44.4) |
| Yes |
4 (6.9) |
4 (5.2) |
2 (13.3) |
1 (9.1) | – |
1 (1.7) |
80 (9.2) |
| Ignored |
38 (65.5) |
48 (62.3) |
11 (73.3) |
(7 63.6) |
16 (61.5) |
37 (63.8) |
405 (46.4) |
| Directly observed treatment | |||||||
| No |
21 (36.2) |
20 (26.0) |
8 (53.3) |
1 (9.1) |
7 (26.9) |
15 (25.9) |
285 (32.6) |
| Yes |
8 (13.8) |
10 (13.0) |
3 (20.0) | – |
1 (3.8) |
5 (8.6) |
104 (11.9) |
| Ignored |
29 (50.0) |
47 (61.0) |
4 (26.7) |
10 (90.9) |
18 (69.2) |
38 (65.5) |
484 (55.4) |
| Clinical form | |||||||
| Intestinal |
3 (5.1) |
2 (2.6) |
1 (6.7) |
1 (9.1) |
2 (7.6) |
4 (8.0) |
29 (3.3) |
| Peritoneal | – |
2 (2.6) | – | – | – |
1 (1.7) |
07 (0.8) |
| Disseminated | – |
1 (1.3) | – | – | – |
1 (1.7) |
05 (0.6) |
| Ganglionar | – | – | – | – | – | – |
04 (0.5) |
| Abdominal | – |
1 (1.3) | – | – | – |
1 (1.7) |
03 (0.4) |
| Pericardial |
1 (1.7) | – | – | – | – | – |
03 (0.4) |
| Cerebral | – | – | – | – | – | – |
02 (0.3) |
| Others |
2 (3.5) | – |
1 (6.7) | – |
1 (3.8) | – |
10 (1.1) |
| Missing |
58 (89.7) |
71 (92.2) |
13 (86.7) |
10 (90.9) |
23 (88.5) |
51 (87.9) |
810 (92.8) |