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Table 3 Crude and multivariable analysis investigating correlates of community stigma scores among community members

From: Quantification and correlates of tuberculosis stigma along the tuberculosis testing and treatment cascades in South Africa: a cross-sectional study

Community members

Variable

Crude analysis

Multivariable analysis

Community stigma score

\(\beta\) (95% CI)

P-value

\(\beta\) (95% CI)

P-value

District

 Zululand

3.43 (1.81, 5.06)

0.00

5.73 (2.19, 9.27)

0.00

Gender

 Male

0.68 (− 0.82, 2.17)

0.37

0.63 (− 0.82, 2.08)

0.39

Age

0.034 (− 0.026, 0.094)

0.27

  

Race

 Black

− 0.51 (− 2.08, 1.05)

0.52

  

Relationship

 Union

0.99 (− 0.54, 2.53)

0.20

1.09 (− 0.44, 2.62)

0.16

Employment

 Employed

0.20 (− 1.31, 1.70)

0.80

  

Community type

 Rural/farming

2.55 (0.80, 4.30)

0.01

− 2.81 (− 6.52, 0.91)

0.14

Education

 12th grade and above

0.50 (− 1.01, 1.99)

0.52

  

Income

 ≥ ZAR 5000

0.28 (− 1.34, 1.89)

0.74

  

Causes of TB*

 Good understanding

0.20 (− 1.44, 1.84)

0.37

  

 Mixed understanding

− 1.01 (− 3.24, 1.21)

0.81

  

 Poor understanding

REF

  

TB/HIV knowledge

 TB increases chance of HIV

1.19 (− 0.30, 2.68)

0.12

0.56 (− 0.91, 2.04)

0.45

 HIV increases chance of TB

− 1.78 (− 3.99, 0.44)

0.12

− 1.08 (− 3.31, 1.16)

0.34

TB contacts

− 0.087 (− 1.68, 1.50)

0.91

  

 Ever having TB

− 1.64 (− 1.59, 0.99)

0.15

− 2.19 (− 4.37, − 0.0064)

0.05

 HIV status

  Positive

0.63 (− 1.71, 2.97)

0.56

  

  Negative

1.05 (− 0.93, 3.02)

0.30

  

  Unknown/no test

REF

 

 HIV stigma

− 0.028 (− 0.25, 0.19)

0.80

  

 Social support

− 0.060 (− 0.14, − 0.020)

0.14

− 0.035 (− 0.12, 0.048)

0.41

  1. *Good understanding denotes participants who only identified accurate causes of TB (i.e. bacteria). Mixed understanding denotes participants who identified accurate and mis-informed causes of TB (i.e. infection and witchcraft). Poor understanding denotes participants who only identified incorrect causes of TB (i.e. exposure to the cold)