Table 3 Frequency distribution of answers to questions based on the fatalistic beliefs and health belief model constructs

Perceived susceptibility

 1. I consider myself to be at risk of coronavirus

40.7, 305

29.6, 222

9.7, 73

10.1, 76

9.9, 74

 2. I am more likely to get the disease

24.8, 186

31.2, 234

15.5, 116

17.6, 132

10.9, 82

 3. I don't care about this disease and do my daily activities like before

4.1, 31

6.1, 51

2.9, 22

16.7, 125

69.5, 521

Perceived severity

 1. This disease has a high mortality rate

33.9, 254

32.4, 243

8.9, 67

17.9, 134

6.9, 52

 2. This disease is not very dangerous

3.5, 26

19.1, 143

4.9, 37

25.9, 194

46.7, 350

 3. The transmission power of this disease is high

93.7, 7.1

4.9, 37

0.9, 7

0.3, 2

3, 0.4

Perceived barriers

 1. It is difficult to follow the instructions to prevent this disease

13.9, 104

31.7, 238

2.8, 21

23.1, 173

28.5, 214

 2. I don't have the patience to follow preventative instructions

1.1, 8

8.5, 64

4.1, 31

22.4, 168

63.9, 479

 3. It is difficult to wash hands regularly with soap and water

6, 45

16.9, 127

3.3, 25

20.7, 155

53.1, 398

 4. The mask is scarce in the market, and thus I do not wear a mask

22.8, 171

23.1, 173

14.5, 109

17.7, 133

21.9, 164

 5. Disinfectant gels and solutions are scarce and expensive in the market

59.3, 445

22.1, 166

9.6, 72

4.5, 34

4.4, 33

 6. Alcohol pads are scarce in the market

54.4, 408

22.8, 171

15.5, 116

4.1, 31

3.2, 24

 7. It is difficult not to touch hands, mouth, nose and eyes

20.1, 151

37.6, 282

4.2, 32

18.7, 140

19.3, 145

 8. Staying at home to prevent the disease is difficult

22.7, 170

31.9, 239

4.7, 35

15.5, 116

25.3, 190

Perceived self-efficacy

 I have ability to follow every preventive instructions against the disease

43.1, 323

40.5, 304

5.5, 41

7.9, 59

3.1, 23

Perceived benefits

 1. This disease can be easily prevented by washing hands regularly with soap and water

45.1, 338

41.9, 314

4.7, 35

6.9, 52

1.5, 11

 2. This disease can be easily prevented by personal protective equipment such as masks and disposable gloves

36.4, 273

48.7, 365

5.5, 41

7.3, 55

2.1, 16

Fatalistic beliefs

 1. Having this disease is bad luck and the prevention has no effect

1.6, 12

4.4, 33

5.3, 40

16.5, 124

72.1, 541

 2. Catching or not catching the disease is out of my control

6.5, 49

15.2, 114

11.2, 84

32.7, 245

34.4, 258

Cues to action

 TV and radio information about the disease has been helpful

27.2, 204

28, 210

12.9, 97

11.5, 86

20.4, 153