Table 2 Infection and characteristics of Blastocystis in animals in China
From: Epidemiology of Blastocystis infection from 1990 to 2019 in China
No | Author, year, reference number | Study area (years of the survey) | Hosts (age or gender) | No. positive | Prevalence (%) | Method of diagnosis | Sequence of primers (Product size) | Subtypes (n) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Nong et al. 2012, [33] | Guangxi (2010) | 150 Rhesus monkeys (2.5–4 years) | 29 | 19.33 | Improved acid ether centrifugal sedimentation | NA | NA |
2 | Zhao et al. 2017, [34] | Qinling Mountains, Shaanxi, (2015–2016) | 497 Wild animals: 127 Nonhuman primates, 158 Artiodactyla, 18 Perissodactyla, 3 Proboscidae, 11 Marsupialia, 135 Aves, 45 Carnivora (NA) | Wild animals: 200/497, Nonhuman primates: 96/127, Artiodactyla: 89/158, Perissodactyla: 4/18, Proboscidae: 0/3, Marsupialia: 8/11, Aves: 3/135, Carnivora: 0/45 | Wild animals: 40.24, Nonhuman primates: 75.59, Artiodactyla: 56.33, Perissodactyla: 22.22, Proboscidae: 0.00, Marsupialia: 72.73, Aves: 2.22, Carnivora: 0.00 | PCR | 5′-GGAAGCTTATCTGGTTGAT CCTGCCAGTA-3’ 5′-GGGATCCTGATCCTTCCG CAGGTTCACCTAC-3′ (1800 bp); 5′-GGAGGTAGTGACAATAAATC-3’ 5′-ACTAGGAATTCCTCGTTCATG-3′ (1100 bp) | ST1 (32), ST2 (13), ST3 (12), ST5 (2), ST10 (77), ST12 (5), ST13 (37), ST14 (17), ST18* (1), ST19* (1), ST20* (1), ST21* (1), ST22* (1) |
3 | Zhang et al. 2015, [35] | Zhouzhi county, Xi’an city, Shaanxi (2008) | 63 captive breeding crested ibis (1:1 male to female ratio) | 6/63 | 9.52 | Smear/Iodine | NA | NA |
4 | Deng et al. 2019, [36] | Sichuan (2017–2018) | 81 giant pandas (< 1.5 years: 4, 1.5–5.5 years: 23, > 5 years: 54. Male 31, female 50, 23 red pandas, 64 birds | Giant pandas: 10/81, red pandas: 2/23, birds: 7/64 | Giant pandas: 12.35, red pandas: 8.69, birds: 10.94 | PCR | Forward primer: 5′-GGAGGTA GTGACAATAAATC-3′, reverse primer: 5′-TGCTTTCGCACTTG TTCATC-3′, (600 bp) | Giant pandas: ST1 (10), red pandas: ST1 (2), birds: ST8 (7) |
5 | Wang et al. 2018, [37] | Heilongjiang, Liaoning and Jilin (2015–2017) | 1080 mammals, 185 birds | Mammals: 41/1080, birds: 13/185 | Mammals: 3.80, birds: 7.02 | PCR | Forward primer: 5′-GGAGGTA GTGACAATAAATC-3′, reverse primer: 5′-TGCTTTCGCACTTG TTCATC-3′, (600 bp) | Mammals: ST1 (5); ST3 (3); ST4 (13); ST7 (1); ST10 (13); ST13 (4); ST14 (2), birds: ST6 (8); ST7 (5) |
6 | Wang et al. 2018, [38] | Hionglongjiang (2010–2016) | Pig: 68, cattle: 147, sheep: 109 and goats:13 | Pig: 6/68, cattle: 14/147, sheep: 6/109 and goats: 0/13 | Pig: 8.82, cattle: 9.52, sheep: 5.50 | PCR | Forward primer: 5′-GGAGGTA GTGACAATAAATC-3′, reverse primer: 5′-TGCTTTCGCACTTG TTCATC-3′, (600 bp) | Pig: ST5 (6), cattle: ST3 (2), ST10 (10), ST14 (2), sheep: ST1 (1), ST5 (1), ST10 (3), ST14 (1) |
7 | Song et al. 2017, [39] | Shaanxi (2014–2016) | Dairy goats: 362, meat goats: 193, cashmere goats: 234 | Dairy goats: 196/362, meat goats: 78/193, cashmere goats: 184/234 | Dairy goats: 54.14, meat goats: 40.41, cashmere goats: 78.63 | PCR | Forward primer: 5′-GGAGGTA GTGACAATAAATC-3′, reverse primer: 5′-TGCTTTCGCACTTG TTCATC-3′, (600 bp) | Dairy goats: ST1 (1), ST3 (1), ST5 (28), ST10 (132), ST14 (33), novel (1). Meat goats: ST10 (37), ST14 (41). Cashmere goats: ST4 (9), ST5 (3), ST10 (123), ST14 (49) |
8 | Zhu et al. 2017, [40] | Daqing city, Qiqihar city, Harbin city, Heilongjiang (2013–2014) | 526 cattle: < 3 months (n = 69), 3–12 months (n = 61), and aged > 12 months (n = 66) | Cattle:54/526. Daqing city: 9/140, Qiqihar city: 0/190, Harbin city: 45/196 | Cattle (10.27). Daqing city: 6.43, Qiqihar city: 0.00, Harbin city: 22.96 | Nested PCR | RD3 (5′-GGGATCCTGATCCTTC CGCAGGTTCACCTAC-3′) and RD5 (5′-GGAAGCTTATCTGGTT GATCCTGCCAGTA-3′) (1780 bp) 2F (55 -GGGATCCTGATCCTTC GT-3′) and 2R (5′-AGCTTTTT AACTGCAACAACG-3′), (600 bp) | Daqing city: ST10 (3), ST14 (6), Harbin city: ST4 (2), ST5 (1), ST10 (38), ST14 (4) |
9 | Ren et al. 2019, [41] | Qinghai (2016–2017) | 1027 yaks (≤ 6 months: 48, > 6 months: 979) | Yaks: 278/1027 | 27.07 | Nested PCR | NA | ST10 (170), ST12 (38), ST14 (70) |
10 | Li et al. 2019, [42] | Zhejiang, Anhui, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Shandong, Jiangxi (2015–2018) | 346 cats (151 males and 195 females. ≤ 12 months (60) and > 12 months (286) | 2/346, Blastocystis was only observed in Lu’an, Anhui (22.2%, 2/9) | 0.57 | PCR | NA | ST1 (2) |
11 | Xiao et al. 2019, [43] | Enshi county, Hubei (2017) | 69 flying squirrels (3 fecal samples per animal) | Fecal samples: 63/207, flying squirrels 21/69 | 30.43 | Nested PCR | RD5: 5′-GGAAGCTTATCTGGTTG ATCCTGCCAGTA-3′, RD3: 5′-GG GATCCTGATCCTTCCGC AGGTT CACCTAC-3′, (1800 bp); RDII5: 5′-GGAGGTAGTGACAAT AAATC-3′, RDII3: 5′-ACTAGGAA TTCCTCGTTCATG-3′, (1100 bp) | ST1 (24), ST3 (12), ST13 (27) |