Table 1 Characteristics of Patients hospitalized with COVID-19, H7N9, and H1N1
From: Comparison of patients hospitalized with COVID-19, H7N9 and H1N1
Variable | COVID-19 (n = 83) | H7N9 (n = 36) | P value* | H1N1 (N = 44) | P value# |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Characteristic | |||||
Age, years, median (range) | 53 (3–80) | 54.5 (21–82) | 0.24 | 48.0 (16–84) | 0.69 |
Male | 35 (42.2%) | 23 (63.9%) | 0.04 | 26 (59.1%) | 0.12 |
Chronic heart disease | 22 (26.5%) | 5 (13.8%) | 0.16 | 4 (9.1%) | 0.02 |
Chronic lung disease | 3 (3.6%) | 1 (2.8%) | 1 | 2 (4.5%) | 1 |
Chronic renal disease | 3 (3.6%) | 1 (2.8%) | 1 | 7 (15.9%) | 0.03 |
Chronic liver disease | 3 (3.6%) | 3 (8.3%) | 0.37 | 3 (6.8%) | 0.42 |
Diabetes | 7 (8.4%) | 9 (25.0%) | 0.02 | 3 (6.8%) | 1 |
Hypertension | 15 (18.1%) | 14 (38.9%) | 0.02 | 13 (29.5%) | 0.18 |
Malignancy | 4 (4.8%) | 0 (0%) | 0.31 | 4 (9.1%) | 0.45 |
Smoking history | 3 (3.6%) | 6 (16.7%) | 0.02 | 8 (18.2%) | 0.02 |
Hospital stays | 20.7 (8.5) | 19.5 (9.0) | 0.28 | 5.3 (4.1) | < 0.01 |
Severe cases | 29 (34.9%) | 30 (83.3%) | < 0.01 | 5 (11.4%) | < 0.01 |
Dead | 1 (1.2%) | 5 (13.9%) | 0.01 | 1 (2.3%) | 1 |
Glucocorticoids | 10 (12.0%) | 28 (77.8) | < 0.01 | 0 | 0.02 |
Antiviral | 83 (100%) | 36 (100%) | 1 | 44 (100%) | 1 |
Antibiotics | 53 (63.9%) | 36 (100%) | < 0.01 | 25 (56.8%) | 0.45 |
Complication | 27 (32.5%) | 31 (86.1%) | < 0.01 | 6 (13.6%) | 0.03 |
Symptoms | |||||
Fever (≥ 37.3 ℃) | 60 (72.3%) | 36 (100%) | < 0.01 | 44 (100%) | < 0.01 |
Any cough | 70 (84.3%) | 34 (94.4%) | 0.15 | 40 (91%) | 0.41 |
Dry cough | 64 (77.1%) | 30 (83.3%) | 0.44 | 25 (56.8%) | 0.02 |
Yellow sputum | 6 (7.2%) | 19 (52.8%) | < 0.01 | 15 (34.1%) | < 0.01 |
Hemoptysis | 1 (1.2%) | 8 (22.2%) | < 0.01 | 0 (0%) | 1 |
Myalgia | 10 (12.0%) | 12 (33.3%) | < 0.01 | 17 (38.6%) | < 0.01 |
Fatigue | 11 (13.3%) | 14 (38.9%) | < 0.01 | 25 (56.8%) | < 0.01 |
Shortness of breath | 5 (6.0%) | 6 (16.7%) | 0.07 | 5 (11.4%) | 0.29 |
Gastrointestinal symptoms | 10 (12.0%) | 7 (19.4%) | 0.39 | 16 (36.4%) | < 0.01 |
Laboratory findings and CT images | |||||
AST | 23.5 (9.6) | 100.7 (110.7) | < 0.01 | 29.4 (13.9) | < 0.01 |
ALT | 22.5 (15.6) | 58.7 (55.4) | < 0.01 | 19.3 (10.9) | 0.13 |
CK | 93.4 (107.6) | 796.5 (1367.3) | < 0.01 | 207.8 (336.4) | < 0.01 |
LDH | 187.8 (54.6) | 701.9 (484.2) | < 0.01 | 213.5 (74.8) | 0.01 |
Leukopenia | 15 (18.1%) | 7 (19.4%) | 0.86 | 3 (6.8%) | 0.11 |
Lymphopenia | 25 (30.1%) | 32 (88.9%) | < 0.01 | 23 (52.2%) | 0.01 |
Neutropenia | 21 (25.3%) | 2 (5.6%) | 0.01 | 3 (6.8%) | 0.02 |
Neutrophilia | 2 (2.4%) | 9 (25%) | < 0.01 | 8 (18.2%) | < 0.01 |
Thrombocytopenia | 8 (9.6%) | 14 (38.9%) | < 0.01 | 4 (9.1%) | 0.92 |
Elevated CRP | 22 (26.5%) | 35 (97.2%) | < 0.01 | 30 (68.2%) | < 0.01 |
Duration of viral shedding | 9.5 (6.1) | 9.9 (6.2) | 0.78 | NA | NA |
Lung lobes involvement | 3 (1–5) | 5 (1–5) | < 0.01 | 0 (0–5) | < 0.01 |