Skip to main content

Table 3 Associations between socioeconomic and clinical characteristics of male sex workers and incident sexually transmitted infections

From: Incidence and time-varying predictors of HIV and sexually transmitted infections among male sex workers in Mexico City

Characteristic

Unadjusted OR (95% CI)

Adjusted OR (95% CI)

Demographics

 Age, years

1.02 (0.95–1.09)

1.45 (1.07–1.96)

 Highest educational attainment

  Primary or secondary school

Ref

Ref

  High school

1.30 (0.62–2.70)

1.23 (0.13–11.42)

  College or post-graduate

0.75 (0.29–1.94)

0.43 (0.02–9.97)

Sexual behaviors

 Had vaginal, anal, or oral sex with clients last week, number of clients

0.98 (0.87–1.10)

1.35 (0.70–2.61)

 Had vaginal, anal, or oral sex with people last week, number of people

0.99 (0.94–1.03)

0.74 (0.38–1.42)

 Used drugs while having sex with any of three most recent clients

0.33 (0.09–1.15)

2.07 (0.18–23.46)

 Consistently used condoms during sex in past month

0.76 (0.38–1.50)

0.03 (0.00–0.68)

 Had insertive anal sex with any of 3 most recent clients

0.65 (0.25–1.71)

3.26 (0.44–24.32)

 Had receptive anal sex with any of 3 most recent clients

2.05 (0.75–5.64)

2.78 (0.27–28.34)

Conditional economic incentivesa

 Control/no offer of an incentive

Ref

Ref

 Offer of medium incentive for staying free of STIs

2.24 (0.80–6.30)

0.45 (0.02–11.93)

 Offer of high incentive for staying free of STIs

2.89 (1.04–8.01)

0.05 (0.00–2.24)

 Offer of medium incentive for study visits only

2.32 (0.84–6.45)

0.04 (0.00–1.90)

  1. Odds ratios represent the coefficients from the generalized estimating equations (GEE) model using a logit link and binomial distribution. Odds ratios > 1 indicate an increased odds of incident STIs in the study population
  2. Prevalent cases of HIV were retained in the analyses as still susceptible for other STIs. Prevalent cases of STI were retained in analyses as still susceptible for STIs for which they tested negative
  3. STI sexually transmitted infections, OR odds ratio, ref reference level
  4. aResults indicate that offering conditional economic incentives (CEIs) conditional on staying free of STIs reduces the odds of incident STIs among MSWs, when adjusting for additional demographic and behavioral risk factors. The effect of offering CEIs on incidence STIs among the study population has been described in detail by references [1, 19] listed in this article