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Table 2 Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of the participants

From: Out-of-pocket payments and economic consequences from tuberculosis care in eastern China: income inequality

Variable

Total (n = 435)

Income quartilesa

P-value

Q1 (n = 104)

Q2 (n = 113)

Q3 (n = 109)

Q4 (n = 109)

Age group in years (%)

     

< 0.001

 < 40

118 (27.1)

7 (6.7)

31 (27.4)

40 (36.7)

40 (36.7)

 

 40–60

169 (38.9)

43 (41.3)

51 (45.1)

36 (33.0)

39 (35.8)

 

 ≥ 60

148 (34.0)

54 (51.9)

31 (27.4)

33 (30.3)

30 (27.5)

 

Male (%)

327 (75.2)

83 (79.8)

82 (72.6)

77 (70.6)

85 (78.0)

0.352

Education level (%)

     

0.011

 Illiterate or semi-illiterate

89 (20.5)

29 (27.9)

17 (15.0)

25 (22.9)

18 (16.5)

 

 Primary school

112 (25.7)

30 (28.8)

31 (27.4)

21 (19.3)

30 (27.5)

 

 Middle school

160 (36.8)

37 (35.6)

43 (38.1)

47 (43.1)

33 (30.3)

 

 High school

49 (11.3)

8 (7.7)

16 (14.2)

9 (8.3)

16 (14.7)

 

 College and above

25 (5.7)

0 (0.0)

6 (5.3)

7 (6.4)

12 (11.0)

 

Residence (%)

     

0.005

 Urban

109 (25.1)

16 (15.4)

23 (20.4)

33 (30.3)

37 (33.9)

 

 Rural

326 (74.9)

88 (84.6)

90 (79.6)

76 (69.7)

72 (66.1)

 

Primary breadwinner (%)

     

0.341

 Yes

273 (62.9)

72 (69.2)

72 (64.3)

66 (60.6)

63 (57.8)

 

 No

161 (37.1)

32 (30.8)

40 (35.7)

43 (39.4)

46 (42.2)

 

Marital status (%)

     

0.001

 Unmarried

68 (15.6)

9 (8.7)

17 (15.0)

24 (22.0)

18 (16.5)

 

 Married

310 (71.3)

76 (73.1)

73 (64.6)

76 (69.7)

85 (78.0)

 

 Divorced

24 (5.5)

10 (9.6)

12 (10.6)

1 (0.9)

1 (0.9)

 

 Widowed

33 (7.6)

9 (8.7)

11 (9.7)

8 (7.3)

5 (4.6)

 

Place of registration (%)

     

<0.001

 Integrated hospital

283 (65.1)

35 (33.7)

66 (58.4)

84 (77.1)

98 (89.9)

 

 Local CDC

152 (34.9)

69 (66.3)

47 (41.6)

25 (22.9)

11 (10.1)

 

Insurance (%)

     

0.002

 UEBMI

31 (7.1)

1 (1.0)

5 (4.4)

11 (10.1)

14 (12.8)

 

 URBMI

43 (9.9)

4 (3.8)

9 (8.0)

16 (14.7)

14 (12.8)

 

 NCMS

338 (77.7)

94 (90.4)

91 (80.5)

78 (71.6)

75 (68.8)

 

 Others

23 (5.2)

5 (4.8)

8 (7.1)

4 (3.7)

6 (5.5)

 

TB category (%)

     

0.626

 New case

395 (90.8)

94 (90.4)

100 (88.5)

102 (93.6)

99 (90.8)

 

 Relapse case

40 (9.2)

10 (9.6)

13 (11.5)

7 (6.4)

10 (9.2)

 

Sputum status at diagnosis (%)

     

0.053

 Undetected

16 (3.8)

3 (2.9)

6 (5.6)

0 (0.0)

7 (6.5)

 

 Positive

132 (31.1)

27 (26.0)

30 (27.8)

36 (33.6)

39 (36.1)

 

 Negative

277 (65.2)

72 (69.2)

72 (66.7)

71 (66.4)

62 (57.4)

 

HIV (%)

     

0.569

 Positive

1 (0.2)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

1 (0.9)

 

 Negative

97 (22.5)

24 (23.1)

21 (18.6)

23 (21.1)

29 (26.6)

 

 Unknown

333 (77.3)

79 (76.0)

89 (78.8)

86 (78.9)

79 (72.5)

 

Comorbidityb (%)

     

0.226

 Yes

274 (62.9)

50 (48.1)

39 (34.5)

42 (38.5)

43 (39.4)

 

 No

161 (37.1)

54 (51.9)

74 (65.5)

67 (61.5)

66 (60.6)

 
  1. aIncome quartiles are arranged from lower to higher (Q1 = lower; Q4 = higher)
  2. bComorbidity indicates TB with one or more of the following diseases: diabetes, chronic liver diseases, chronic renal disease, anaemia, hypertension and other chronic disease.
  3. Abbreviations: CDC Centers for Disease Control, UEBMI Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance, URBMI Urban Residents’ Basic Medical Insurance, NCMS New Cooperative Medical System, Q1 1st Quartiles, Q2 2nd Quartiles, Q3 3rd Quartiles, Q4 4th Quartiles
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Infectious Diseases of Poverty

ISSN: 2049-9957

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