| Total | Northern China | Eastern China | Southern China | Central China | Northwest China | Difference between groups |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mental health | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Depression (measured by PHQ-9) |  |  | χ2(16) = 76.91*** | ||||
 Minimal (0 to 4) | 8705 (56.4%) | 1481 (58.7%) | 4350 (57.0%) | 1662 (57.8%) | 808 (52.3%) | 404 (47.4%) |  |
 Mild (5 to 9) | 4402 (28.5%) | 721 (28.6%) | 2,160 (28.3%) | 769 (26.8%) | 494 (32.0%) | 258 (30.3%) |  |
 Moderate (10 to 14) | 1549 (10.0%) | 216 (8.6%) | 764 (10.0%) | 291 (10.1%) | 160 (10.4%) | 118 (13.8%) |  |
 Moderately severe (15 to 29) | 566 (3.7%) | 79 (3.1%) | 255 (3.3%) | 112 (3.9%) | 65 (4.2%) | 54 (6.3%) |  |
 Severe (20 to 27) | 206 (1.3%) | 28 (1.1%) | 103 (1.3%) | 39 (1.4%) | 18 (1.2%) | 18 (2.1%) |  |
Anxiety (measured by GAD-7) |  |  | χ2(12) = 62.47*** | ||||
 Minimal (0 to 4) | 11 079 (71.8%) | 1871 (74.1%) | 5582 (73.1%) | 2026 (70.5%) | 1051 (68.0%) | 549 (64.4%) |  |
 Mild (5 to 9) | 3258 (21.1%) | 489 (19.4%) | 1573 (20.6%) | 610 (21.2%) | 372 (24.1%) | 213 (25.0%) |  |
 Moderate (10 to 14) | 734 (4.8%) | 106 (4.2%) | 325 (4.3%) | 159 (5.5%) | 85 (5.5%) | 59 (6.9%) |  |
 Severe (15 to 21) | 357 (2.3%) | 59 (2.3%) | 152 (2.0%) | 78 (2.7%) | 37 (2.4%) | 31 (3.6%) |  |
Personal preventive behaviors | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | ||
Frequency of wearing face mask when going out |  |  | χ2(12) = 76.33*** | ||||
 Never | 5507 (35.7%) | 837 (33.1%) | 2607 (34.2%) | 1134 (39.5%) | 585 (37.9%) | 344 (40.4%) |  |
 Seldom | 5416 (35.1%) | 893 (35.4%) | 2691 (35.3%) | 970 (33.8%) | 585 (37.9%) | 277 (32.5%) |  |
 Sometimes | 1444 (9.4%) | 279 (11.9%) | 714 (9.4%) | 233 (8.1%) | 142 (9.2%) | 76 (8.9%) |  |
 Always | 3061 (19.8%) | 516 (20.4%) | 1620 (21.2%) | 536 (18.7%) | 233 (15.1%) | 155 (18.2%) |  |
Frequency of washing hands with soap per day |  |  | χ2(16) = 414.66*** | ||||
 0 to 2 times | 1934 (12.5%) | 138 (5.5%) | 1002 (13.1%) | 435 (15.1%) | 302 (19.5%) | 57 (6.7%) |  |
 3 to 5 times | 5917 (38.4%) | 820 (32.5%) | 2970 (38.9%) | 1159 (40.3%) | 648 (41.9%) | 319 (37.4%) |  |
 6 to 10 times | 4634 (30.0%) | 918 (36.4%) | 2265 (29.7%) | 750 (26.1%) | 385 (24.9%) | 316 (37.1%) |  |
 11 to 15 times | 1388 (9.0%) | 314 (12.4%) | 689 (9.0%) | 204 (7.1%) | 102 (6.6%) | 79 (9.3%) |  |
 More than 15 times | 1555 (10.1%) | 335 (13.3%) | 706 (9.3%) | 325 (11.3%) | 108 (7.0%) | 81 (9.5%) |  |