Table 3 Logistic regression for mental health and personal preventive behaviours among pregnant women (N = 15 428)

Socio-demographic characteristics

Age, years

 19 or below

1

-

1

-

1

-

1

-

 20–25

0.74 (0.55–1.00)

0.57 (0.42–0.78)***

0.89 (0.61–1.30)

1.30 (0.98–1.91)

 26–30

0.67 (0.50–0.91)*

0.54 (0.40–0.73)***

0.99 (0.68–1.44)

1.57 (1.08–2.28)*

 31–35

0.62 (0.46–0.84)**

0.50 (0.37–0.68)***

0.98 (0.68–1.42)

1.90 (1.31–2.77)**

 36–40

0.46 (0.33–0.63)***

0.43 (0.31–0.59)***

1.00 (0.68–1.48)

2.31 (1.57–3.40)***

 41 or above

0.43 (0.29–0.64)***

0.42 (0.28–0.64)***

1.41 (0.89–2.26)

1.99 (1.26–3.16)**

Education level

 Primary or below

1

-

1

-

1

-

1

-

 Junior secondary

1.08 (0.83–1.39)

1.00 (0.76–1.32)

1.00 (0.72–1.39)

1.09 (0.82–1.44)

 Senior secondary

1.21 (0.94–1.57)

.96 (0.73–1.27)

.87 (0.62–1.21)

1.11 (0.84–1.47)

 Matriculation

1.31 (1.02–1.68)*

.96 (0.73–1.25)

1.15 (0.83–1.59)

1.13 (0.86–1.50)

 Undergraduate

1.38 (1.07–1.77)*

1.01 (0.77–1.33)

1.57 (1.14–2.17)**

1.11 (0.84–1.45)

 Postgraduate or above

1.45 (1.10–1.92)**

1.13 (0.84–1.53)

1.50 (1.06–2.13)*

1.15 (0.85–1.55)

Pregnancy-related characteristics

Parity

 Nulliparous

1

-

1

-

1

-

1

-

 Primiparous

0.76 (0.71–0.81)***

0.84 (0.78–0.90)***

0.84 (0.77–0.91)***

1.23 (1.14–1.32)***

 Multiparous

0.63 (0.54–0.74)***

0.86 (0.73–1.02)

0.69 (0.56–0.84)***

1.19 (1.01–1.41)*

Gestational age

-

-

-

-

-

 1st trimester (12 weeks or below)

1

1

1

1

 2nd trimester (13 to 26 weeks)

0.72 (0.64–0.81)***

0.84 (0.74–0.95)**

0.86 (0.76–0.99)*

1.13 (0.99–1.29)

 3rd trimester (27 weeks or above)

0.71 (0.64–0.80)***

0.94 (0.83–1.06)

0.70 (0.61–0.80)***

1.33 (1.17–1.51)***

Pregnancy-related complications

 No

1

-

1

-

1

-

1

-

 Yes

0.99 (0.99–1.11)

1.28 (1.13–1.44)***

0.94 (0.82–1.08)

1.22 (1.09–1.38)**

Contextual factor

Place of residence being locked down

 No

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

 Yes

1.04 (0.98–1.11)

1.10 (1.03–1.18)**

1.09 (1.02–1.18)*

1.11 (1.03–1.20)**

0.81 (0.75–0.88)***

0.91 (0.84–1.00)

0.99 (0.90–1.04)

0.99 (0.92–1.07)

Being quarantined

 No

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

 Yes

1.40 (1.19–1.65)***

1.42 (1.20–1.68)***

1.56 (1.31–1.85)***

1.57 (1.32–1.86)***

1.03 (0.83–1.26)

1.05 (0.85–1.29)

0.97 (0.81–1.17)

0.99 (0.82–1.19)

Someone personally knew being infected

 No

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

 Yes

1.89 (1.19–2.98)**

1.80 (1.14–2.85)**

1.96 (1.25–3.09)**

1.92 (1.22–3.03)**

0.76 (0.41–1.40)

0.69 (0.37–1.28)

0.76 (0.44–1.29)

0.75 (0.44–1.28)

Cognitive factors

COVID-19 will be under control in the coming month

 Certainly not / very small / small chance

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

 High / very high chance / certainly yes

0.63 (0.56–0.70)***

0.63 (0.56–0.71)***

0.59 (0.52–0.67)***

0.59 (0.53–0.67)***

0.84 (0.73–0.97)*

0.85 (0.74–0.98)*

1.03 (0.91–1.18)

1.04 (0.91–1.18)

COVID-19 will pose long term physical harm to human

 Don’t know /no

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

 Yes

1.27 (1.19–1.35)***

1.25 (1.17–1.33)***

1.30 (1.21–1.39)***

1.28 (1.20–1.38)***

1.08 (1.00–1.17)*

1.06 (0.97–1.14)

0.98 (0.91–1.06)

0.98 (0.92–1.06)

Social factor

Social support score (mean, range 1 to 10)

0.86 (0.85–0.87)***

0.86 (0.85–0.88)***

0.86 (0.85–0.88)***

0.87 (0.85–0.88)***

1.01 (0.99–1.03)

1.00 (0.99–1.03)

1.06 (1.04–1.08)***

1.06 (1.04–1.08)***