Table 3 Intensity of Schistosoma haematobium infection in the study population stratified according to socio-demographic, water contact behaviour and clinical presentation

Health area

 Likomba

60.4 (29)

39.6 (19)

2–317

0.55^b

 Holforth_Likomba

60.0 (48)

40.0 (32)

2–450

 Holforth

65.9 (29)

34.1 (15)

2–225

Sex

 Male

59.3 (67)

40.7 (46)

2–450

0.76^a

 Female

66.1 (39)

33.9 (20)

2–400

Age group (years)

 5–14

57.6 (72)

42.4 (53)

2–450

0.02*^b

 15–24

69.0 (20)

31.0 (9)

2–330

 25–34

90.9 (10)

9.1 (1)

2–53

 ≥ 35

57.1 (4)

42.9 (3)

2–216

Level of education

 Secondary

57.0 (49)

43.0 (37)

2–317

0.65^a

 Primary

66.3 (57)

33.7 (29)

2–450

Occupation

 Housewife

80.0 (4)

20.0 (1)

9–57

0.17^b

 CDC worker

81.8 (9)

18.2 (2)

2–216

 Student/Pupil

59.4 (85)

40.6 (58)

2–450

 Business/Civil servant

75.0 (6)

25.0 (2)

3–330

 Farmer

40.0 (2)

60.0 (3)

2–183

Stream activity

 Two/more activities

58.6 (68)

41.4 (48)

2–400

0.04*^b

 Water collection

75.0 (6)

25.0 (2)

2–450

 Washing

81.8 (18)

18.2 (4)

5–330

 Bathing

53.3 (8)

46.7 (7)

3–280

 Playing/swimming

33.3 (2)

66.7 (4)

7–215

 Farming/fishing

0.0 (0)

100.0 (1)

–

 No contact

100.0 (4)

0.0 (0)

2–4

Stream frequency

 Daily

55.2 (80)

44.8 (65)

2–450

 < 0.001*^b

 Weekly

94.1 (16)

5.9 (1)

5–51

 Monthly

100.0 (6)

0.0 (0)

7–34

 No contact

100.0 (4)

0.0 (0)

2–4

Degree of contact

 Degree II (≥ 100)

53.7 (72)

46.3 (62)

2–400

 < 0.001*^a

 Degree I (2–99)

88.2 (30)

11.8 (4)

2–450

Microhaematuria

 Yes

50.4 (61)

49.6 (60)

2–450

 < 0.001*^a

 No

88.2 (45)

11.8 (6)

2–280

Dysuria

 Yes

85.7 (12)

14.3 (2)

2–450

0.47 ^a

 No

59.5 (94)

40.5 (64)

2–400

Frequent urination

 Yes

37.5 (3)

62.5 (5)

2–450

0.25^a

 No

62.8 (103)

37.2 (61)

2–400

Proteinuria

 Yes

48.3 (43)

51.7 (46)

2–450

 < 0.001*^a

 No

75.9 (63)

24.1 (20)

2–280