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Table 2 Logistic regression analyses of potential risk factors for mortality among Middle East respiratory syndrome cases, September 2012–June 2020

From: Epidemiology and evolution of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, 2012–2020

 

Outcome (n)

Univariable

Multivariable

Death/Total

CFR (95% CI)

OR

95% CI*

P-value*

Adjusted OR

95% CI*

P-value*

Age group

 ≥ 65 years

392/654

59.9 (58.0–61.9)

5.06

4.18–6.12

 < 0.001

10.52

6.46–17.11

 < 0.001

 < 65 years

410/1796

22.8 (21.2–24.5)

1.00

–

–

1.00

–

–

Sex

Male

604/1699

35.6 (33.7–37.5)

1.54

1.27–1.86

 < 0.001

2.34

1.57–3.49

 < 0.001

Female

198/751

26.4 (24.6–28.1)

1.00

-

-–

1.00

–

–

Region

Middle East

761/2236

34.0 (32.1–36.0)

2.18

1.53–3.09

 < 0.001

3.09

1.97–4.84

 < 0.001

Other

41/214

19.2 (13.9–24.4)

1.00

–

–

1.00

–

–

Healthcare worker

Yes

22/335

6.6 (3.9–9.2)

0.12

0.08–0.19

 < 0.001

0.33

0.21–0.54

 < 0.001

No

780/2115

36.9 (34.8–38.9)

1.00

–

–

1.00

–

–

Underlying condition

Yes

587/1272

46.2 (43.4–48.9)

6.29

4.62–8.55

 < 0.001

3.50

2.50–4.89

 < 0.001

No

53/442

12.0 (9.0–15.0)

1.00

–

–

1.00

–

–

Unknown

162/736

22.0 (19.0–25.0)

2.07

1.48–2.90

 < 0.001

1.92

1.31–2.81

0.001

Animal Contact

Yes

125/356

35.1 (30.2–40.1)

1.68

1.30–2.18

 < 0.001

2.97

1.10–7.98

0.031

No

267/1097

24.3 (21.8–26.9)

1.00

–

–

1.00

–

–

Unknown

410/997

41.1 (38.1–44.2)

2.17

1.80–2.62

 < 0.001

2.41

1.54–3.77

 < 0.001

OTC§

 > 5 days

331/679

48.8 (45.0–52.5)

1.34

1.11–1.62

0.003

1.31

1.05–1.63

0.019

 ≤ 5 days

289/773

37.4 (34.0–40.8)

1.00

–

–

1.00

–

–

Year

2012–2014

256/830

30.8 (27.7–34.0)

1.00

–

–

1.00

–

–

2015–2016

353/934

37.8 (34.7–40.9)

1.36

1.12–1.66

0.002

1.63

1.27–2.09

 < 0.001

2017–2019

193/686

28.1 (24.8–31.5)

0.88

0.70–1.10

0.25

0.70

0.53–0.92

0.010

Age group * Sex

     

0.54

0.33–0.87

0.012

Age group * Animal contact (with vs without)

     

0.29

0.16–0.53

 < 0.001

Age group * Animal contact (unknown vs without)

     

0.45

0.28–0.72

0.001

Sex * Animal contact (with vs without)

     

0.36

0.13–0.97

0.043

Sex * Animal contact (unknown vs without)

     

0.58

0.36–0.94

0.028

  1. CFR case fatality rate, OR odds ratio, CI confidence Interval, OTC Time from disease onset to confirmation
  2. §OTC have missing values. Description (column 2–5) are based on non-missing values. But logistic analysis were based on data after interpolation
  3. *Means that there must be no corresponding results for being the control groups
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Infectious Diseases of Poverty

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