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Table 3 Survival analyses on the time to the first reported Middle East respiratory syndrome case in each space unit, September 2012–June 2020

From: Epidemiology and evolution of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, 2012–2020

Predictors

Univariable

Multivariable

Hazard ratio

95% CI

P-value

Hazard ratio

95% CI

P-value

Population density(10/km2)

1.00

0.99–1.00

0.44

   

Camel density (10/km2)

1.74

1.35–2.23

 < 0.001

   

Elevation (km)

0.99

0.66–1.46

0.94

2.40

1.47–3.91

 < 0.001

Meteorological variable

 BIO1

1.58

1.48–1.68

 < 0.001

1.38

1.25–1.52

 < 0.001

 BIO2

1.97

1.74–2.23

 < 0.001

1.28

1.12–1.46

 < 0.001

 BIO3

1.04

1.01–1.07

0.012

   

 BIO4

1.003

1.002–1.005

 < 0.001

   

 BIO5

1.36

1.30–1.43

 < 0.001

   

 BIO12

0.78

0.74–0.83

 < 0.001

   

Percentages of land cover (10%)

 Cropland

0.27

0.14–0.49

 < 0.001

0.51

0.27–0.95

0.034

 Shrubland

0.20

0.07–0.58

0.003

   

 Bare land

1.49

1.39–1.59

 < 0.001

1.13

1.03–1.25

0.014

 Intersect with railway

3.76

2.35–6.01

 < 0.001

2.33

1.37–3.97

0.002

 Intersect with main road

59.53

8.27–428.25

 < 0.001

15.45

2.11–113.26

0.007

 Number of hospitals (10)

1.28

1.15–1.37

 < 0.001

1.19

1.04–1.44

0.010

  1. BIO1 annual average temperature, BIO2 average diurnal range of temperature, BIO3 isothermality, BIO4 temperature seasonality, BIO5 max temperature of warmest month, BIO12 Annual precipitation
  2. Turkey and Iran are excluded in this analysis. Space unit is the third-level administrative area (county) in Saudi Arabia and the second-level administrative area elsewhere
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