Table 1 COVID-19 patients characteristics with IL-6 inhibitor Tocilizumab treatment effects
From: Tocilizumab treatment for COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Record | First author | Study period | Country | Study type | Total cases | Sex(M) T group | Sex(M) SOC | Age (T group) | Age (SOC) | Outcomes | T group positive outcome | SOC positive outcome | T group negative outcome | SOC negative outcome | HR (95% CI) | Tocilizumab treatment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Martínez-sanz | 31/01/20–23 /04/20 | Spain | Retrospective | 1229 | 191 (73%) | 574 (59%) | 65 (55–76)* | 68 (57–80)* | Overall mortality | 61 | 120 | 199 | 849 | 0.34 (0.17–0.71) | A median total dose of 600 mg |
1 | Martínez-sanz | 31/01/20–23 /04/20 | Spain | Retrospective | 286 | NA | NA | NA | NA | Overall mortality (crp > 150 mg/dl) | NA | NA | NA | NA | 0.39 (0.19–0.80) | |
2 | Potere | 28/03/20–21/04/20 | Italy | Retrospective case-control | 80 | 26 (65.0%) | 26 (65.0%) | 56.0 (50.3–73.2) | 54.5 (50.0–73.0) | Overall mortality | 2 | 11 | 38 | 29 | NA | 324 mg, two concomitant subcutaneous injections |
3 | Canziani | 23/02/20–09/05/20 | Italy | Retrospective case-control | 128 | 47 (73%) | 47 (73%) | 63 (12)* | 64 (8)* | 30-day mortality | 17 | 24 | 47 | 40 | 0.61 (0.33–1.15) | Two intravenous infusion of 8 mg/kg |
3 | Canziani | 23/02/20–09/05/20 | Italy | Retrospective case-control | 128 | 48 (73%) | 48 (73%) | 64 (12)* | 65 (8) | Mechanical ventilation requirement at 30 days | 9 | 29 | 55 | 35 | 0.36 (0.16–0.83) | |
4 | Tsai | 01/03/20–05/05/20 | USA | Retrospectiv | 132 | 46(69.7%) | 50(75.8%) | 62.38 ± 13.49* | 61.35 ± 16·09* | Overall mortality | 18 | 18 | 48 | 48 | NA | 800 mg or 600 mg or 400 mg; one or two doses |
5 | Roomi | 01/03/20–30/05/20 | USA | Retrospective | 176 | 60 (72.30) | 23 (27.70) | 65.48* | 58.09 | Overall mortality | 6 | 13 | 26 | 131 | NA | |
6 | Guaraldi | 21/02/20–30/04/20 | Italy | Retrospective | 544 | 127 (71%) | 232 (64%) | 64 (54–72) | 69 (57–78) | Overall mortality | 13 | 73 | 166 | 292 | 0·38 (0·17–0·83) | Two intravenous infusion of 8 mg/kg (up to 800 mg), 12 h apart |
6 | Guaraldi | 21/02/20–30/04/20 | Italy | Retrospective | 544 | 127 (71%) | 232 (64%) | 64 (54–72) | 69 (57–78) | Mechanical ventilation requirement | 33 | 57 | 146 | 308 | 0·61 (0·40–0·92) | |
7 | Menzella | 11/03/20–14/04/20 | Italy | Retrospective | 79 | 29 (71%) | 27 (71%) | 63.3 ± 10.6* | 70.3 ± 11.3* | Overall mortality | 10 | 20 | 31 | 18 | 0.55 (0.22–1.35) | Two intravenous infusion of 8 mg/kg (up to 800 mg), 12 h apart, or subcutaneously 2 to 4 doses of 162 mg |
7 | Menzella | 11/03/20–14/04/20 | Italy | Retrospective | 79 | 29 (71%) | 27 (71%) | 63.3 ± 10.6* | 70.3 ± 11.3* | Mechanical ventilation requirement | 9 | 12 | 32 | 26 | 0.44 (0.22–0.89) | |
8 | Salvarani | 31/03/20–11/06/20 | Italy | Prospective randomized clinical trial | 123 | 40 (66.7%) | 37 (56.1%) | 61.5 (51.5–73.5) | 60.0 (54.0–69.0) | Overall mortality at 30 days | 2 | 1 | 58 | 62 | NA | Two intravenous infusion of 8 mg/kg (up to 800 mg), 12 h apart. |
9 | Gupta | 04/03/20–10/05/20 | USA | Retrospective | 3924 | 299 (69.1%) | 2165 (62.0%) | 58 (48–65) | 63 (52–72) | Overall mortality | 125 | 1419 | 308 | 2072 | 0.71 (0.56–0.92) | Intravenously or subcutaneously during the first 2 days of icu admission |
10 | Marte | 08/03/20–25/04/20 | USA | Retrospective | 193 | 74 (77.1%) | 63 (64.9%) | 58.8 ± 13.6* | 62.0 ± 14* | Overall mortality | 43 | 55 | 53 | 42 | NA | One dose only |
11 | Klopfenstein | 01/03/20–13/04/20 | France | Retrospective | 45 | NA | NA | 76.8 (52–93) ± 11* | 70.7 (33–96) ± 15* | Overall mortality | 5 | 12 | 15 | 13 | NA | One or two doses |
11 | Klopfenstein | 01/03/20–13/04/20 | France | Retrospective | 45 | NA | NA | 76.8 (52–93) ± 11* | 70.7 (33–96) ± 15* | Mechanical ventilation | 0 | 8 | 20 | 17 | NA | |
12 | Biran | 01/03/20–22/04/20 | USA | Retrospective | 630 | 155 (74%) | 281 (67%) | 62 (53–71) | 65 (56–74) | Hospital-related mortality | 102 | 256 | 108 | 164 | 0.71 (0.56–0.89) | Intravenous infusion of 400 mg or 8 mg/kg |
13 | Campochiaro | Na | Italy | Retrospective | 65 | 29 (91%) | 27 (82%) | 64 (53 – 75) | 60 (55 – 75.5) | Overall mortality at 28th day | 5 | 11 | 27 | 22 | NA | Two intravenous infusion of 400 mg |
14 | Capra | 26/02/20–02/04/2020 | Italy | Retrospective | 85 | 45(73%) | 19 (83%) | 63 (54–73) | 70 (55–80) | Overall mortality | 2 | 11 | 60 | 12 | 0.035 (0.004–0.347) | 400 mg iv once, or subcutaneous 324 mg once or 800 mg iv once |
15 | Stone | 20/04/20–15/06/20 | USA | Prospective randomized clinical trial | 243 | 96 (60%) | 45 (55%) | 61.6 (46.4–69.7) | 56.5 (44.7–67.8) | Mechanical ventilation or death at 28 day | 17 | 10 | 144 | 72 | 0.83 (0.38–1.81) | A single dose of 8 mg/kg intravenously, up to 800 mg |
15 | Stone | 20/04/20–15/06/20 | USA | Prospective randomized clinical trial | 243 | 96 (60%) | 45 (55%) | 61.6 (46.4–69.7) | 56.5 (44.7–67.8) | Mechanical ventilation at 28 day | 11 | 8 | 150 | 74 | 0.65 (0.26–1.62) | |
16 | Kaminski | 26/03/20–18/05/20 | USA | Retrospective | 125 | 38(58%) | 45(75%) | 58.9 ± 17.9* | 57.2 ± 15 | Overall mortality at 28 day | 24 | 30 | 41 | 30 | NA | 400 mg as a single dose iv or an subcutaneous dose of 324 mg |
17 | Eimer | 11/03/20–15/04/20 | Sweden | Retrospective | 87 | 28 (96.6%) | 45 (77.6%) | 58.0 (49.0–63.0) | 55.0 (52.0–64.8) | 30‐day all‐cause mortality | 5 | 19 | 24 | 39 | 0.52 (0.19–1.39) | A single dose of 8 mg/kg intravenously |
17 | Eimer | 11/03/20–15/04/20 | Sweden | Retrospective | 87 | 28 (96.6%) | 45 (77.6%) | 58.0 (49.0–63.0) | 55.0 (52.0–64.8) | Mechanical ventilation | 24 | 53 | 5 | 5 | NA | |
18 | Salama | Until 30/09/2020 | International | Prospective randomized clinical trial | 377 | 150 (60.2%) | 73 (57.0%) | 56.0 ± 14.3* | 55.6 ± 14.9* | Mechanical ventilation or death by day 28 | 30 | 25 | 219 | 103 | 0.56 (0.33–0.97) | Two doses of intravenous (8 mg/kg, up to 800 mg) |
18 | Salama | Until 30/09/2020 | International | Prospective randomized clinical trial | 377 | 150 (60.2%) | 73 (57.0%) | 56.0 ± 14.3* | 55.6 ± 14.9* | Death at day 28 | 26 | 11 | 223 | 117 | NA | |
19 | Remap–cap | Until 17/06/2020 | UK | Prospective randomized clinical trial | 755 | 261 (74%) | 283 (70%) | 61.5 ± 12.5* | 61.1 ± 12.8* | In–hospital death | 98 | 142 | 252 | 255 | 0.56(0.33–0.97) | 8 mg/kg (up to 800 mg) |
20 | Rosas | 03/04/20–28/05/20 | International | Prospective | 438 | 205 (69.7%) | 101 (70.1%) | 60.9 ± 14.6* | 60.6 ± 13.7* | Death at day 28 | 58 | 28 | 236 | 116 | 0.3 (-7.6 to 8.2) | 8 mg/kg (up to 800 mg) |
21 | Hermine | 31/03/20–18/04/20 | France | Prospective | 130 | 44 (70%) | 44 (66%) | 64.0 (57.1–74.3) | 63.3 (57.1–72.3) | Death at day 28 | 7 | 8 | 56 | 59 | 0.92 (0.33–2.53) | 8 mg/kg (up to 800 mg) at day1; an additional fixed dose of tcz, 400 mg on day 3 |
22 | Veiga | 08/05/20–17/06/20 | Brazil | Prospective | 129 | 44 (68) | 44 (69) | 57.4 ± 15.7* | 57.5 ± 13.5* | Death at day 28 | 14 | 6 | 51 | 58 | NA | A single intravenous infusion at 8 mg/kg |
22 | Veiga | 08/05/20–17/06/20 | Brazil | Prospective | 129 | 44 (68) | 44 (69) | 57.4 ± 15.7* | 57.5 ± 13.5* | Mechanical ventilation requirement at day 29 | 4 | 4 | 61 | 60 | NA | A single intravenous infusion at 8 mg/kg |
23 | Soin | 30/05/20–31/08/20 | India | Prospective | 180 | 76 (84%) | 76 (86%) | 56 (47–63) | 54 (43–63) | Death at day 28 | 11 | 15 | 80 | 73 | NA | A single dose between 4 mg/kg and 8 mg/kg plus an additional dose if required |
23 | Soin | 30/05/20–31/08/20 | India | Prospective | 180 | 76 (84%) | 76 (86%) | 56 (47–63) | 54 (43–63) | Incidence of mechanical ventilation at day 28 | 14 | 13 | 77 | 75 | NA | A single dose between 4 mg/kg and 8 mg/kg plus an additional dose if required |
24 | Albertini | 06/04/20–21/04/20 | France | Retrospective | 44 | 16 (73%) | 15 (68%) | 64 (41–80) | 65 (41–82) | Death at day 14 | 1 | 0 | 21 | 22 | NA | A fixed dose of 600 mg for patients <100 kg and 800 mg for those >100 kg |
24 | Albertini | 06/04/20–21/04/20 | France | Retrospective | 44 | 16 (73%) | 15(68%) | 64 (41–80) | 65 (41–82) | Mechanical ventilation requirement at day 14 | 2 | 6 | 20 | 16 | NA | A fixed dose of 600 mg for patients <100 kg and 800 mg for those >100 kg |
25 | Gokhale | 31/03/20–05/07/20 | India | Retrospective | 269 | 107 (70.9%) | 69 (58.5%) | 53 (44–60) | 55 (47–64) | Overall mortality | 79 | 74 | 72 | 44 | NA | A single intravenous infusion of 400mg |