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Table 3 Diagnostic statistics for malaria tests compared to the reference method and gold standard

From: Comparison of conventional and non-invasive diagnostic tools for detecting Plasmodium falciparum infection in southwestern Cameroon: a cross-sectional study

Test

Sensitivity

% (95% CI)

Specificity

% (95% CI)

PPV

% (95% CI)

NPV

% (95% CI)

Kappa

PCR

Febrile status

86.9 (80.2–93.5)

19.7 (14.2–25.2)

34.5 (28.6–40.4)

75.5 (63.9–87.1)

0.020

Microscopy

77.8 (69.6–86.0)

96.1 (93.3–98.7)

90.6 (84.4–96.8)

89.9 (85.8–93.9)

0.766

mRDT (blood)

75.8 (67.3–84.2)

96.6 (94.0–99.1)

91.5 (85.4–97.5)

89.1 (85.0–93.2)

0.175

mRDT (saliva)

74.5 (65.9–83.1)

93.1 (89.6–96.6)

83.9 (76.2–91.6)

88.3 (84.0–92.6)

0.696

mRDT (urine)

70.7 (61.7–79.7)

81.8 (76.5–87.1)

65.4 (56.4–74.4)

85.1 (80.1–90.1)

0.514

Light microscopy

Febrile status

88.2 (81.4–95.1)

19.7 (14.4–25.0)

30.0 (24.3–35.7)

81.1 (70.6–91.7)

0.021

mRDT (blood)

71.8 (62.2–81.3)

90.4 (86.5–94.3)

74.4 (64.9–83.8)

89.1 (85.0–93.2)

0.136

mRDT (saliva)

75.0 (65.7–84.3)

88.9 (84.8–93.1)

72.4 (63.0–81.8)

90.2 (86.2–94.2)

0.632

mRDT (urine)

67.1 (57.1–77.1)

77.1 (71.5–82.6)

53.3 (43.8–62.7)

85.7 (80.8–90.6)

0.409

  1. CI confidence interval; mRDT malaria rapid diagnostic test; NPV negative predictive value; PCR polymerase chain reaction; PPV positive predictive value