Table 1 Technology aspects of 184 valid patented technologies for schistosomiasis control and prevention
From: Patented technologies for schistosomiasis control and prevention filed by Chinese applicants
Technology aspects | Â | Patented technology aspects |
|---|---|---|
Fundamental research (n = 37, 20.1%) | Oncomelania hupensis (n = 1) | Detection: Specific gene: mitochondrial genome DNA to study genetic variation and differentiation of O. hupensis (n = 1) |
Schistosoma japonicum (n = 36)a | Detection methods (n = 17) Proteins: SJ16, SjSap, SjScP27, SjScP80, SjScP84, SjScP88, SjHSP90,Vamp2, Microsatellite DNA,nucleic acid,Schistosoma egg crude antigen, amino acid, nanoantibodies, transposon DNA target sequences, glutathione-S-transferase(GST), fluorescent markers | |
Chemotherapy (n = 17) SJ16, SjP40, SjSAPLP4, SjSAPLP5, SjScP27, SjScP80, SjScP84, SjScP88, SjHSP60, IRF4, Frizzled 9, wingless/integrated (WNT) signaling pathways, Sj thioredoxin glutathione reductase (GR), Ad-TD-gene, O-GlcNAcylation, miRNAs, worm production | ||
Vaccine (n = 11) SJ16, Sj29, Sj23, SjE16, Sjp50, SjCTRL, SjSAPLP4, SjSAPLP5, SjScP27, SjScP80, SjScP84, SjScP88, SJ26 glutathione-S-transferase(GST), worm production | ||
Detection methods (n = 13, 7.1%)b | Molecular detection methods (n = 8) O. hupensis (n = 2)/S. japonicum (n = 6) | LAMP technique (n = 3) |
PCR technique (n = 4) | ||
RPA technique (n = 1) | ||
Serological detection methods for S. japonicum (n = 5) | Electrochemical immunosensor (n = 1) | |
ELISA technique (n = 2) | ||
GICA (n = 2) | ||
Pathogenic detection methods for S. japonicum (n = 1) | Improved Kato-Katz (n = 1) | |
Chemotherapy (n = 61, 33.1%) | Molluscicides for O. hupensis (n = 26) | Streptomyces (n = 3) |
Niclosamide (n = 6) | ||
Other chemical compounds or compounded with plant or nanocomposite (n = 17) | ||
Schistosomicides for S. japonicum (n = 35) | Praziquantel (n = 4) | |
Artemisinin/Artesunate (n = 3) | ||
|  |  | Herbal effective ingredient extracts (n = 12) Bo Luohui/Pulsatilla/Xusuizi/betel nut/Chinese medicine combination |
WNT and other chemical compounds (n = 15) | ||
External use with gossypol (n = 1) | ||
Armamentarium/devices (n = 73, 39.7%) | For O. hupensis (n = 34) | Prevention of spread of snails/water conservation and electricity (n = 10) |
Molluscicidal device/crushing of O. hupensis (n = 7) | ||
O. hupensis search/collection (n = 10) | ||
O. hupensis tracking and raising/bioimaging/monitoring and testing (n = 7) | ||
For S. japonicum (n = 38) | Monitoring/Observation for cercariae/miracidium (n = 5) | |
Incubation collection and separation research for cercariae/miracidium (n = 4) | ||
Ultrasonic larviciding (n = 1) | ||
Device for separating, hatching, and killing S. japonicum eggs (n = 3) | ||
Neck sleeve deinsectization device for removing schistosomes on necks of dogs (n = 1) | ||
Oral drug delivery device for cattle, sheep, and dogs (n = 3) | ||
Epidermal needle for the vaccine (n = 1) | ||
Detoxification and collection of excrement (n = 4) | ||
Kit devices for on-site test and laboratory analysis for schistosomiasis control and prevention (n = 16) | ||
For S. haematobium (n = 1) | Device of a detection filter membrane for filtering S. haematobium eggs (n = 1) |