Table 3 Estimated effects of socio-economic and demographic characteristics, health vulnerability and resources, and policy response on daily new COVID-19 cases in BRICS countries
Variables | Daily new cases | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
β | Lower confidence interval | Upper confidence interval | P-value | |
Policy stringency index | 1.95% | 1.70% | 2.19% | < 0.001*** |
Population density (people per km2) | 5.17% | 5.11% | 5.23% | < 0.001*** |
Life expectancy at birth (years) | -1.61% | -1.87% | -1.36% | < 0.001*** |
Extreme poverty | 8.95% | 7.85% | 10.04% | < 0.001*** |
Human development index | -0.05% | -0.06% | -0.04% | < 0.001*** |
GDP per capita (current USD) | -0.18% | -0.20% | -0.16% | < 0.001*** |
Diabetes prevalence (%) | 0.66% | 0.58% | 0.74% | < 0.001*** |
Population aged 60 and above (%) | 2.23% | 1.96% | 2.50% | < 0.001*** |
Hospital beds per thousand people | -0.08% | -0.09% | -0.06% | < 0.001*** |
Access to improved drinking water (%) | -7.40% | -8.35% | -6.46% | < 0.001*** |
Prevalence of open defecation (%) | 0.69% | 0.61% | 0.77% | < 0.001*** |
Tourist/visitor arrivals (thousands per year) | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | < 0.001*** |