Table 2 Exposures associated with scrub typhus in Khanh Hoa, Vietnam, August 2018–March 2020
From: Ecological and behavioural risk factors of scrub typhus in central Vietnam: a case-control study
Variables | Cases (n = 44) n (%) | Controls (n = 152) n (%) | P-value | mOR (95% CI)a |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Field work group | ||||
 Work in forest/ hilly field and others | 26 (59.1%) | 24 (15.8%) |  < 0.001 | 23.9 (5.8–98.2) |
 Work in vegetable garden and others | 6 (13.6%) | 15 (9.9%) | 0.07 | 3.9 (0.9–16.6) |
 Work in sugarcane/crop/rice field and others | 3 (6.8%) | 37 (24.3%) | 0.88 | 0.9 (0.1–5.2) |
 Work in fruit/industrial tree garden and others | 3 (6.8%) | 8 (5.3%) | 0.02 | 10.5 (1.6–69.4) |
 No work related to land/sand | 6 (13.6%) | 68 (44.7%) | – | – |
Use of personal protective equipment in the field | ||||
 Yes | 14 (31.8%) | 86 (56.6%) | 0.004 | 0.3 (0.1–0.7) |
 No | 30 (68.2%) | 66 (43.4%) | – | – |
Urinating in the forest/near bushes/field | ||||
 Yes | 25 (56.8%) | 34 (22.4%) |  < 0.001 | 5.6 (2.4–13.1) |
 No | 19 (43.2%) | 118 (77.6%) | – | – |
Using the same work clothes the next day | ||||
 Yes | 15 (34.1%) | 30 (19.7%) | 0.05 | 2.4 (1.0–5.6) |
 No | 29 (65.9%) | 122 (80.3%) | – | – |
Changing clothes when at home | ||||
 Yes | 34 (77.3%) | 140 (92.1%) | 0.01 | 0.3 (0.1–0.8) |
 No | 10 (22.7%) | 12 (2.9%) | – | – |
Always observing mice around home | ||||
 Yes | 21 (47.73%) | 37 (24.34%) | 0.003 | 3.1 (1.5–6.6) |
 No | 23 (52.27%) | 115 (75.66%) | . | . |
Work around house group | ||||
 Watering plants/bonsai or carpenting + others | 19 (43.2%) | 54 (35.5%) | 0.48 | 1.3 (0.6–2.9) |
 Cleaning around the house + others | 6 (13.6%) | 34 (22.4%) | 0.46 | 0.7 (0.2–1.9) |
 Clearing bushes/barns + others | 4 (9.1%) | 9 (5.9%) | 0.36 | 1.9 (0.4–7.2) |
 No activities around house | 15 (34.1%) | 55 (36.2%) | – | – |
Passing regularly at the riverside | ||||
 Yes | 23 (52.3%) | 42 (27.6%) | 0.004 | 2.8 (1.3–5.6) |
 No | 21 (47.7%) | 110 (72.4) |  |  |
Sitting/laying directly on household floor | ||||
 Yes | 23 (52.3%) | 40 (26.7%) | 0.001 | 3.9 (1.7–8.7) |
 No | 21 (47.7%) | 110 (73.3%) |  |  |
Household with poor sanitation/conditions | ||||
 Yes | 41 (93.2%) | 96 (63.2%) |  < 0.001 | 8.4 (2.4–29.1) |
 No | 3 (6.8%) | 56 (36.8%) |  |  |
Household surroundings with risk | ||||
 Yes | 22 (50%) | 45 (29.6%) | 0.007 | 3.1 (1.4–7.2) |
 No | 22 (50%) | 107 (70.4%) |  |  |
Workplace environment with risk | ||||
 Yes | 30 (68.18%) | 58 (38.16%) | 0.001 | 3.6 (1.7–7.7) |
 No | 14 (31.82%) | 94 (61.84%) | . | . |