Fig. 5

Comparison of serum cytokine/chemokine concentrations between the severe and non-severe COVID-19 cases. Samples from severe (n = 45) and non-severe COVID-19 cases (n = 74) collected during hospitalization were used for measuring the concentrations of 12 cytokines and chemokine. Values were presented in units of pg/ml. Red dots represent sample from severe cases, blue dots represent samples from non-severe cases. Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare cytokine levels between two groups. Significances were marked as follows: P < 0.05 (*), P < 0.01(**), P < 0.001 (***), and P < 0.0001 (****), respectively