Table 1 The key events of malaria control and elimination in the Yunnan border area, China, 2003‒2020
Year | Key events |
|---|---|
Control phase | |
2003 | In January, the first round of the China’s Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (GFATM) malaria program was rolled out in 25 border counties |
2005 | On June 7, the first collaborative document of cross border malaria control was signed between China and Myanmar. “The joint malaria control project along China–Myanmar Border” regularly exchanged information and conducted activities of malaria control since 2005 [20, 21] |
2007 | In July, the sixth round of the China’s GFATM malaria program on cross border malaria control was launched in China’s 12 border counties and Myanmar’s four special regions [15] |
2010 | On July 1, the national malaria elimination action was launched in China including Yunnan’s 25 border counties [25] |
2012 | On January 1, the tenth round of the China’s GFATM malaria program on cross border malaria control was rolled out in China’s seven border counties and Myanmar’s five special regions [15] |
2013 | The tenth round of the China’s GFATM malaria program stopped in China on December 31 [15] |
Elimination phase | |
2014 | The second phase of the tenth round of the China’s GFATM malaria program was consolidated into the Myanmar’s GFATM project since January 1 [15] |
2014‒2016 | There was a slight resurgence of malaria incidence in Myanmar’s Kachin Special Region II (KR2) and Shan Special Region II (Wa State) that led to an increase of imported malaria cases in Yunnan [18, 35] |
2014 | China and Myanmar collaboratively controlled the outbreak of Plasmodium falciparum in Wa State and prevented malaria importation into China [35] |
2014 | The impact evaluation of cross China–Myanmar border malaria control program during 2007‒2013 was carried out. Results indicated that the malaria burden was reduced by 95% in China’s 19 border counties based on the API and by 90% in Myanmar’s five special regions based on the malaria parasite prevalence [15] |
2016 | The last indigenous malaria case of China was reported from Yingjiang county on China–Myanmar border on April 17, 2016 [27] |
Reintroduction prevention phase | |
2017‒2019 | China and Myanmar collaboratively controlled the resurgence of malaria incidence in Laiza and nearby areas, KR2, Myanmar. The number of malaria cases was reduced from 2080 cases in 2016 to 274 cases in 2019 in the Laiza and nearby area |
2018 | In March, the Yunnan health and Family Planning Commission released “The notification on further standardizing malaria elimination work and process” to clear the responsibility of general health service in malaria surveillance [10] |
2019 | In January, the “3 + 1” strategy for border malaria elimination and preventing reintroduction of malaria transmission was developed and formulated [10] |
2020 | In January, Yunnan passed the national technical assessment of malaria elimination. In June, Yunnan passed the finally national assessment of malaria elimination |