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Table 2 Factors associated with unvaccinated status for COVID-19

From: COVID-19 vaccines in patients with decompensated cirrhosis: a retrospective cohort on safety data and risk factors associated with unvaccinated status

Variables

Unvaccinated (n = 144)

Vaccinated (n = 85)

P-value

Univariate analysis

Multivariate analyses

Odds ratio (95% CI)

P-value

Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI)

P-value

Male, (%)

110 (76.4)

62 (72.9)

0.67

1.20 (0.65–2.22)

0.56

  

Age (years), mean (SD)

57.4 (11.8)

56.3 (12.8)

0.52

1.01 (0.99–1.03)

0.52

  

Systemic hypertension, (%)

27 (18.8)

13 (15.3)

0.63

1.28 (0.62–2.64)

0.51

  

Type II Diabetes, (%)

26 (18.1)

8 (9.4)

0.11

2.12 (0.91–4.93)

0.08

  

Etiology of cirrhosis, (%)

 Viral

96 (66.7)

53 (62.4)

0.30

1.44 (7.08–0.29)

0.83

  

 Alcohol

13 (9.0)

4 (4.7)

  

 AIH

9 (6.2)

4 (4.7)

  

 Cholestasis

7 (4.9)

3 (3.5)

  

 Others

10 (6.9)

12 (14.1)

  

 Multi

9 (6.2)

9 (10.6)

  

Experience of acute deterioration, (%)

 Ascites (Grade II–III)

119 (82.6)

70 (82.4)

1.00

1.02 (0.50–2.06)

0.96

  

 GEVB

14 (9.7)

4 (4.7)

0.27

2.18 (0.69–6.86)

0.18

  

 HEa

16 (11.1)

2 (2.4)

0.03

5.19 (1.16–23.15)

0.03

5.61 (1.24–25.4)

0.025

 Bacterial/fungal infection

31 (21.5)

15 (17.6)

0.60

1.28 (0.65–2.54)

0.48

  

 AKI

13 (9.0)

6 (7.1)

0.78

1.31 (0.48–3.58)

0.60

  

 ACLFa

23 (16.0)

5 (5.9)

0.04

3.04 (1.11–8.33)

0.03

3.13 (1.12–8.69)

0.029

 LT recipient (%)a

29 (20.1)

8 (9.4)

0.05

2.43 (1.05–5.59)

0.04

2.47 (1.06–5.76)

0.037

Current living area (%)

 Rural

54 (37.8)

41 (48.2)

0.16

0.65 (0.38–1.12)

0.12

  

 Shanghaib

71 (49.3)

24 (28.2)

< 0.01

2.47 (1.39–4.39)

< 0.01

2.55 (1.41–4.59)

0.002

  1. Values are number (%) for categorical variables and mean (SD) for continuous variables
  2. Odds ratio was determined by the logistic regression analysis taking “Unvaccinated status” as outcome
  3. aOdds ratio was adjusted by residence in Shanghai in the multivariate analyses
  4. bOdds ratio was adjusted by the experience of HE, ACLF and LT in the multivariate analyses
  5. AIH auto-immune hepatitis, GEVB gastro-esophageal varices bleeding, HE hepatic encephalopathy, AKI acute kidney injury, ACLF acute-on-chronic liver failure, LT liver transplant, SD: Standard deviation