Table 1 Characteristics of studies included in this review of the impact of mass drug administration with antibiotics for trachoma, yaws elimination or child mortality reduction on the human gut microbiome
From: The impact of mass drug administration of antibiotics on the gut microbiota of target populations
Reason for MDA | First author | Year | Study design | Specimen collection and Sequencing | Country | Target population | Intervention | Major findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Trachoma and Yaws elimination, reduce child mortality | Doan, T [62] | 2017 | RCT | Rectal swab, 16S rRNA gene V3–V4 amplification and sequencing | Niger | 1–60 month old children (n = 80) | Single dose oral azithromycin (20 mg/kg) once versus placebo | 27%–31% decrease in microbiome diversity 5 days post-treatment |
Trachoma and Yaws elimination, reduce child mortality | Parker, EPK [60] | 2017 | RCT | 200 mg stool, 16S rRNA gene V4 amplification and sequencing | India | 6–11 month old children (n = 120) | 3-day course of oral azithromycin (administered once daily at a dose of 10 mg/kg) versus placebo | 7% reduction in microbiome richness 12 days post-treatment, driven by reductions in abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila and Proteobacteria (enteropathogenic E. coli, enteroaggregative E. coli, enterotoxigenic E. coli and Campylobacter sp.) |
Trachoma and Yaws elimination, reduce child mortality | Doan, T [55] | 2018 | Cluster RCT | Rectal swab, whole metagenome sequencing | Niger | 1–60 month old children (n = 30 communities, 10 infants/community) | Single dose oral azithromycin (20 mg/kg body weight) given every 6 months versus placebo | 16%–22% decrease in microbiome diversity after 12 months |
Trachoma and Yaws elimination, reduce child mortality | Oldenburg, CE [61] | 2018 | RCT | Rectal swab, 16S rRNA gene V3–V4 amplification and sequencing | Burkina Faso | 6–59 month old children (n = 124) | 5-day course of either oral amoxicillin (25 mg/kg/d twice-daily doses), oral azithromycin (10 mg/kg dose on day 1 and then 5 mg/kg once daily for 4 days), oral cotrimoxazole (240 mg once daily), versus placebo | 32% decrease in microbiome diversity with azithromycin at 5 days post-treatment |
Trachoma and Yaws elimination, reduce child mortality | Doan, T [56] | 2019 | Cluster RCT | Rectal swab, whole metagenome sequencing | Niger | 1–60 month old children (n = 30 communities, 10 infants/community) | Single dose oral azithromycin (20 mg/kg body weight) given every 6 months versus placebo | Reduced abundance of Campylobacter upsaliensis and Campylobacter hominis, and reduced abundance of bacterial metabolic pathways predominantly geared toward microbial survival, growth and inflammation after 24 months |
Trachoma and Yaws elimination, reduce child mortality | Doan, T [59] | 2020 | Cluster RCT | Rectal swab, whole metagenome sequencing | Niger | 1–60 month old children (n = 30 communities, 10 infants/community) | Single dose oral azithromycin (20 mg/kg body weight) given every 6 months versus placebo | 7.5 times (95%CI: 3.8–23.1) greater abundance of bacterial genetic determinants for macrolide resistance, 3.59 (1.73–8.20) greater abundance of genetic determinants of metronidazole resistance, 1.98 (95%CI:1.10–4.57) greater abundance of genetic determinants of beta-lactam resistance, and 1.75 (95%CI:1.03–4.02) greater abundance of genetic determinants tetracycline resistance in the microbiome after 48 months |
Trachoma and Yaws elimination, reduce child mortality | Hinterwirth, A [63] | 2020 | RCT | Rectal swab, whole metagenome sequencing | Burkina Faso | 1–60 month old children (n = 62) | Single dose oral azithromycin (20 mg/kg) once versus placebo | Reduced Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter ureolyticus, and Campylobacter hominis 5 days post-treatment |